Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is an example of a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) technique?

• A. Free association
• B. Thought stopping
• C. Dream analysis
• D. Systematic desensitization

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Thought stopping is a specific cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) technique aimed at helping individuals manage and interrupt negative or intrusive thoughts. This technique involves identifying and stopping negative thought patterns to promote healthier thinking and emotional well-being. Free association and dream analysis are associated with psychoanalytic therapy, while systematic desensitization is a technique commonly used in behavior therapy.

2. A healthcare provider decides to put a client who has a psychotic disorder in seclusion overnight because the unit is very short-staffed, and the client frequently fights with other clients. The healthcare provider’s actions are an example of which of the following torts?

• A. Invasion of privacy
• B. False imprisonment
• C. Assault
• D. Battery

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: False imprisonment. False imprisonment occurs when an individual is intentionally restricted in their freedom of movement without consent and without lawful justification. In this scenario, placing the client in seclusion overnight due to staffing shortages and behavioral issues constitutes false imprisonment as the client is confined against their will. Choice A, invasion of privacy, does not apply as the situation is about physical confinement, not privacy violation. Assault (choice C) involves the threat of harm, which is not the case here. Battery (choice D) refers to the intentional harmful or offensive touching of another person, which is not happening in this scenario.

3. What principle about patient communication should guide a nurse's fear of 'saying the wrong thing' to a patient?

• A. Patients tend to appreciate a well-meaning person who conveys genuine acceptance, respect, and concern for their situation.
• B. Patients are more interested in talking to you than listening to what you have to say, so they are not likely to be offended.
• C. Considering the patient's history, there is little chance that the comment will do any actual harm.
• D. Most people with a mental illness have, by necessity, developed a high tolerance for forgiveness.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Effective patient communication is guided by the principle that patients value genuine acceptance, respect, and concern from their caregivers. This approach helps to build trust and fosters effective communication, enhancing the nurse-patient relationship. Choice B is incorrect because patients value both talking and listening in effective communication. Choice C is incorrect because a nurse should always consider the impact of their words on the patient, regardless of the patient's history. Choice D is incorrect as it generalizes about people with mental illness and forgiveness, which is not directly relevant to patient communication.

4. What is the primary goal of exposure therapy for a patient with specific phobia?

• A. To eliminate the phobic response completely
• B. To increase the patient's exposure to the feared object
• C. To help the patient confront and reduce their fear gradually
• D. To provide immediate relief from anxiety symptoms

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary goal of exposure therapy for a patient with a specific phobia is to help them confront their fear gradually, leading to a reduction in their fear response over time. This gradual exposure helps the individual learn to manage and cope with their phobia, ultimately reducing the intensity of their fear reactions. Choice A is incorrect because while the goal is to reduce the fear response, complete elimination may not always be feasible. Choice B is incorrect as the focus is not solely on increasing exposure but on gradual confrontation. Choice D is incorrect as the therapy aims for long-term reduction rather than immediate relief.

5. A nurse is planning care for several clients attending community-based mental health programs. Which of the following clients should the nurse visit first?

• A. A client who received a burn on the arm while using a hot iron at home
• B. A client who requests a change of antipsychotic medication due to new adverse effects
• C. A client who reports hearing a voice saying that life is not worth living anymore
• D. A client who tells the nurse about experiencing manifestations of severe anxiety before and during a job interview

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The nurse should visit the client who reports hearing a voice saying that life is not worth living anymore first. This statement indicates potential suicidal ideation, which requires immediate intervention to ensure the client's safety. Choices A, B, and D do not present an immediate threat to the client's life. While burns, adverse effects of medication, and severe anxiety are important concerns, they do not pose an immediate risk of self-harm or suicide.

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