Nursing Elites

1. Which assessment question will provide information regarding the effects of a woman’s circadian rhythms on her quality of life?

• A. How much sleep do you usually get each night?
• B. Does your heart ever seem to skip a beat?
• C. When was the last time you had a fever?
• D. Do you have problems urinating?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'How much sleep do you usually get each night?' Asking about sleep patterns is essential to understand the impact of circadian rhythms on an individual's quality of life. Adequate sleep is closely linked to circadian rhythms, and disturbances in sleep patterns can significantly affect a person's well-being and daily functioning. Choices B, C, and D are not directly related to circadian rhythms and would not provide information specifically about how circadian rhythms affect quality of life.

2. Which patient behavior is consistent with therapeutic communication?

• A. Offering your opinion when asked to provide support.
• B. Summarizing the essence of the patient’s comments in your own words.
• C. Avoiding interrupting periods of silence to allow the patient space to think.
• D. Providing positive reinforcement when the patient expresses themselves.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Summarizing the essence of the patient’s comments in your own words is a key component of therapeutic communication. This behavior demonstrates active listening, ensures understanding of the patient's message, and encourages further discussion. By summarizing, you show the patient that you are engaged and interested, which helps them feel heard and valued. Offering your opinion (choice A) may bias the patient's thoughts and feelings, interrupting periods of silence (choice C) may prevent the patient from processing their thoughts, and providing positive reinforcement (choice D) may not always be appropriate or necessary in therapeutic communication.

3. What assessment findings would indicate lithium toxicity in a patient hospitalized for an acute manic episode?

• A. Shortness of breath, gastrointestinal distress, chronic cough
• B. Ataxia, severe hypotension, large volume of dilute urine
• C. Gastrointestinal distress, thirst, nystagmus
• D. Electroencephalographic changes, chest pain, dizziness

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a patient suspected of lithium toxicity, the presence of ataxia, severe hypotension, and a large volume of dilute urine are key assessment findings. Ataxia is a sign of central nervous system involvement, severe hypotension indicates cardiovascular effects, and a large volume of dilute urine suggests renal impairment, all of which are commonly seen in severe lithium toxicity. Options A, C, and D do not align with typical signs of lithium toxicity.

4. Which of the following is an example of a mood stabilizer used to treat bipolar disorder?

• A. Fluoxetine
• B. Lithium
• C. Haloperidol
• D. Lorazepam

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lithium is a widely recognized mood stabilizer used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. It helps to control mood swings, prevent manic episodes, and reduce the risk of suicidal behavior in individuals with bipolar disorder. Fluoxetine is an antidepressant, Haloperidol is an antipsychotic, and Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine used for anxiety and insomnia, none of which are primary mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder.

5. Which behavior is most characteristic of agoraphobia?

• A. Avoiding crowded places and public transportation
• B. Excessively washing hands to prevent contamination
• C. Experiencing unexpected panic attacks
• D. Having a fear of gaining weight

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Agoraphobia is characterized by the avoidance of situations where escape might be difficult or help unavailable in the event of a panic attack. Avoiding crowded places and public transportation aligns with this fear of being in situations where escape might be challenging, making choice A the most characteristic behavior of agoraphobia. Choices B, C, and D do not directly relate to the core feature of agoraphobia, which is the avoidance of situations perceived as difficult to escape from.

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