a nurse is providing education about dietary restrictions for a patient taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor maoi which food should the patient avoid
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Nursing Elites

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ATI Mental Health Practice A 2023

1. A patient is receiving education about dietary restrictions while taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Which food should the patient avoid?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Patients taking MAOIs should avoid aged cheese as it contains high levels of tyramine, which can lead to a hypertensive crisis. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can inhibit the breakdown of tyramine, leading to an excess accumulation in the body and potentially dangerous increases in blood pressure.

2. A patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) frequently washes their hands. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In managing a patient with OCD who frequently washes their hands, it is important to understand that compulsive behaviors provide temporary relief from anxiety. Allowing the patient to engage in their rituals initially and then gradually setting limits on the time spent can help them gain control over their compulsions. This approach supports the patient without causing undue distress, ultimately assisting in managing OCD symptoms effectively. Choice B is incorrect as discouraging the patient from discussing their obsessions can hinder therapeutic communication and understanding of their condition. Choice C is wrong because encouraging the patient to suppress their compulsive behaviors may increase their anxiety and lead to worsening symptoms. Choice D is also incorrect as avoiding setting limits on the patient's compulsive behaviors does not help the patient in gaining control over their OCD symptoms.

3. A patient with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is experiencing flashbacks. What is the best initial intervention?

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The best initial intervention for a patient with PTSD experiencing flashbacks is to provide relaxation techniques. This approach helps the patient manage flashbacks by focusing on the present moment, promoting relaxation, and reducing anxiety associated with the traumatic memories. Encouraging the patient to avoid triggers or social situations may not address the immediate distress caused by flashbacks, while talking about feelings may not be as effective as providing immediate tools to manage the distressing symptoms.

4. When working with a patient diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which therapeutic approach is most appropriate?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Exposure therapy is an evidence-based treatment for PTSD that involves gradually exposing the patient to their traumatic memories in a safe and controlled environment. This approach helps individuals confront and process their fears, reducing the impact of the traumatic event over time. Avoiding discussing the trauma (choice A) may lead to avoidance behaviors and hinder recovery. Focusing on positive thoughts (choice C) may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying trauma. Keeping busy to distract from memories (choice D) is a form of avoidance that does not help in processing the traumatic experiences. Therefore, using exposure therapy (choice B) is the most appropriate approach to effectively treat PTSD.

5. Which medication is commonly used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Fluoxetine (Choice B). Fluoxetine, an SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor), is commonly used in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). SSRIs like Fluoxetine are considered first-line medications for managing OCD symptoms by helping to increase serotonin levels in the brain, which plays a role in mood regulation and anxiety reduction. Choice A, Lorazepam, is a benzodiazepine primarily used for anxiety disorders but is not a first-line treatment for OCD. Choice C, Lithium, is typically used in conditions like bipolar disorder, not OCD. Choice D, Haloperidol, is an antipsychotic medication and is not commonly used to treat OCD.

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