Nursing Elites

1. What is a standard of care?

• A. A relationship in which a nurse has assumed responsibility for the care of a patient
• B. A policy or procedure established by a health care agency or professional association
• C. The norm for what a reasonable individual would do in a similar circumstance
• D. A public law that, if violated, can result in liability for the nurse

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A standard of care is the level of care that a reasonably prudent person with similar training and experience would provide in a similar circumstance. Choice A is incorrect because it describes the nurse-patient relationship. Choice B is incorrect as it refers to specific policies or procedures. Choice D is incorrect as it describes a law rather than the expected level of care.

2. A nurse is performing a health history on a client who identifies as Native American/First Nations. Based on familial history and racial disparities, for which health issue should the nurse prepare to monitor in this client?

• A. autoimmune disorders
• B. heart disease
• C. Alzheimer's disease
• D. lung cancer

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: heart disease. Heart disease is a major health issue among Native American/First Nations populations, along with diabetes, malignant neoplasm, and unintentional injuries, contributing to a decreased lifespan. Autoimmune disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and lung cancer are not the primary health concerns that the nurse should monitor for in this client. By understanding the prevalent health issues in this population, the nurse can provide targeted care and interventions to promote better health outcomes.

3. How does the doctrine of respondent superior affect nurses?

• A. Liable for injury resulting from advice given to a member of a patient's family
• B. Responsible for double-checking the doses of medication ordered by a physician
• C. Responsible for the actions of the staff they supervise
• D. Obligated to obtain informed consent for any diagnostic procedure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The doctrine of respondent superior holds that supervisors are accountable not only for their own actions but also for the actions of the staff they oversee. This means that nurses, as supervisors, are responsible for ensuring that the actions of their staff comply with established protocols and standards of care. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not directly relate to the principle of respondent superior. Nurses may have other responsibilities related to giving advice, medication administration, and obtaining consent, but the doctrine of respondent superior specifically pertains to the accountability of supervisors for the actions of their subordinates.

4. A nurse is providing end-of-life care to an older female client who practices Judaism. Which intervention would the nurse identify as potentially problematic for this client and her family?

• A. The client requires transfusions of packed red blood cells during care.
• B. Assessment by a male health care provider was required.
• C. An autopsy was ordered due to the client's unique disease etiology.
• D. A do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order was recommended by the care team.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Autopsy is often opposed in the context of Jewish religious and cultural beliefs, as it is seen as desecration of the body. While a person who is a Jehovah's Witness would be opposed to blood transfusions (choice A), a Muslim client may prefer to be cared for by someone of the same gender (choice B). A DNR order (choice D) is not noted to be a particular issue in the context of Jewish culture.

5. A nurse is determining ways to address ethnic diversity among clients being provided care. Which action would be the most direct way for the nurse to do this?

• A. Explain how cultural backgrounds influence health beliefs and practices.
• B. Provide culturally sensitive care that respects clients' traditions.
• C. Listen to the life stories of clients to understand their cultural influences.
• D. Participate in cultural competency training and workshops.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Listening to the life stories of clients is an effective way for nurses to understand the cultural influences that shape their beliefs and practices. By actively listening, nurses can gain insight into the clients' backgrounds, values, and preferences, allowing them to provide more personalized and culturally sensitive care. Choices A, B, and D are not as direct as listening to the life stories of clients. While explaining how cultural backgrounds influence health beliefs and practices is important, directly listening to clients' life stories provides a deeper understanding of their individual cultural influences.

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