ATI LPN
Gerontology Nursing Questions And Answers PDF
1. An older adult client tells the nurse that blockage of qi in one of the body's meridians is causing severe headaches. The health care provider has diagnosed migraines and has prescribed a triptan drug. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to implement?
- A. Suggest that the prescribed medicine may stimulate the flow of qi
- B. Explain the vasoconstrictive and serotonin-moderating action of triptan
- C. Instruct the client to take as many doses as needed for relief
- D. Caution the client that the headaches will grow worse if the client fails to take the medication
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Qi is the life force that circulates through the body in invisible pathways called meridians. In this scenario, the client believes that the blockage of qi is causing severe headaches. While explaining the scientific principles underlying the drug action could be valuable, it's crucial to consider the client's belief system. Therefore, the most appropriate response is to suggest that the prescribed medicine may stimulate the flow of qi, aligning with the client's perspective. Choice B, explaining the vasoconstrictive and serotonin-moderating action of triptan, does not address the client's concerns about qi blockage. Choice C, instructing the client to take as many doses as needed, can lead to potential medication misuse. Choice D, cautioning the client about worsening headaches without medication, may induce fear and hinder effective communication with the client.
2. What is the recommended duration of exclusive breastfeeding?
- A. 3 months
- B. 6 months
- C. 9 months
- D. 12 months
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of a child's life. During this time, breast milk provides all the necessary nutrients for the baby's growth and development, offering protection against infections and supporting optimal health outcomes. After 6 months, complementary foods can be introduced while continuing breastfeeding up to 2 years of age or beyond.
3. A nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client who is undergoing total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?
- A. Monitor the client's electrolyte levels daily
- B. Weigh the client daily
- C. Monitor the client's blood glucose levels every 6 hours
- D. Change the TPN tubing every 24 hours
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct intervention for the nurse to include in the plan of care for a client undergoing total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is to change the TPN tubing every 24 hours. Changing the tubing at regular intervals helps reduce the risk of infection associated with central venous catheters. Monitoring electrolyte levels daily (Choice A) is important but not specific to TPN. Weighing the client daily (Choice B) is important for monitoring fluid status but not directly related to TPN. Monitoring blood glucose levels every 6 hours (Choice C) is essential for clients receiving TPN, but changing the tubing is a more critical intervention to prevent infections.
4. How is resistant starch digested in the colon?
- A. bacterial fermentation.
- B. pancreatic amylase.
- C. hydrochloric acid.
- D. villi and microvilli.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In the colon, resistant starch is digested by bacterial fermentation. The correct answer is A. During this process, short-chain fatty acids are produced. Pancreatic amylase, as mentioned in choice B, is responsible for breaking down starch in the small intestine, not in the colon. Choice C, hydrochloric acid, functions in the stomach to aid in the digestion of proteins, not starch. Villi and microvilli, as stated in choice D, are structures in the small intestine that absorb nutrients; they do not participate in the digestion of resistant starch in the colon.
5. A nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Hypernatremia
- B. Hypocalcemia
- C. Low potassium
- D. Low magnesium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In chronic kidney disease, the kidneys have impaired ability to activate vitamin D, leading to decreased production of calcitriol. Calcitriol is essential for calcium absorption in the intestines. Therefore, hypocalcemia is a common finding in chronic kidney disease. Hypernatremia (increased sodium levels) is not typically associated with chronic kidney disease. Low potassium and low magnesium are possible electrolyte imbalances in chronic kidney disease, but they are not as directly related to the impaired activation of vitamin D as hypocalcemia.
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