Nursing Elites

1. What factor has had the greatest impact on the current nursing shortage?

• A. Later age at which women have children
• B. Decrease in the number of women being born
• C. Overall unemployment rate
• D. Increased employment options for women

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. The increased employment options for women have had a significant impact on the current nursing shortage. With more career choices available to women, there is a decrease in the number of individuals pursuing nursing as a profession, contributing to the shortage. This is because women are choosing diverse career paths due to increased opportunities. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. A later age at which women have children and the decrease in the number of women being born are not directly related to the nursing shortage. The overall unemployment rate, while influencing job availability, is not the primary factor driving the shortage of nurses.

2. When demonstrating therapeutic use of self, which nursing intervention is the nurse performing?

• A. Sitting with a dying patient
• B. Attending class
• C. Studying for a test
• D. Learning the nursing code of ethics

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sitting with a dying patient. Therapeutic use of self in nursing involves the nurse's ability to establish a caring and compassionate relationship with patients. Sitting with a dying patient allows the nurse to provide emotional support, physical presence, and comfort, demonstrating the use of self in a therapeutic manner. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly involve the nurse's interaction with a patient in a therapeutic manner.

3. On what basis does the U.S. healthcare system operate?

• A. Healthcare is a basic right provided to all equally.
• B. Ability to pay determines access to care.
• C. Only the rich are entitled to healthcare.
• D. Health insurance is required to obtain care.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In the U.S., the healthcare system operates on a model where access to healthcare services is largely determined by an individual's ability to pay for care. This means that those with more financial resources have greater access to a wider range of healthcare services, while those with limited financial means may face barriers to accessing necessary care. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because healthcare in the U.S. is not universally provided as a basic right to all equally, it is not exclusively for the rich, and while health insurance is common, it is not the sole determinant of access to care.

4. When considering factors like high risk for falls, infection protocols, and special communication needs to determine the mix and number of staff needed on a telemetry unit, what is being utilized?

• A. diagnostic related groups
• B. clinical pathways
• C. case management
• D. Patient classification system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse is using a Patient Classification System, which helps in determining the appropriate staffing levels based on the acuity and care requirements of the patients in the telemetry unit. By considering factors like high risk for falls, infection protocols, and special communication needs, the nurse can allocate the right mix and number of staff to provide safe and effective care. The other choices are incorrect because diagnostic related groups are used for billing purposes, clinical pathways are standard care plans for specific diagnoses, and case management involves coordinating care and services for patients.

5. Why is critical thinking necessary for identifying and understanding paradigms that exist in nursing practice?

• A. Critical thinking allows for the nurse to make superficial decisions.
• B. Critical thinking allows the nurse to thoroughly examine situations and issues.
• C. Critical thinking provides the nurse with quick answers.
• D. Critical thinking allows the nurse to accept information without needing to check its validity.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Critical thinking is essential for nurses to identify and understand paradigms in nursing practice because it enables them to thoroughly examine complex situations and issues. By critically analyzing information and considering various perspectives, nurses can gain a deeper understanding of the underlying paradigms that shape nursing practice. This thorough examination helps nurses make informed decisions and provide high-quality care to patients. Choice A is incorrect because critical thinking involves deeper analysis, not superficial decisions. Choice C is incorrect because critical thinking does not provide quick answers; it involves a systematic and thoughtful approach. Choice D is incorrect because critical thinking encourages nurses to question information and verify its validity rather than accepting it blindly.

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