ATI LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 with NGN
1. What are the risk factors for stroke, and how can it be prevented?
- A. High cholesterol and hypertension; prevent with regular exercise
- B. Obesity and smoking; prevent with medication and weight loss
- C. Diabetes and alcohol consumption; prevent with regular checkups
- D. Lack of exercise and poor diet; prevent with lifestyle changes
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. High cholesterol and hypertension are significant risk factors for stroke. Regular exercise is an effective way to prevent stroke by managing these risk factors. Choice B is incorrect as while obesity and smoking are risk factors, preventing stroke through medication and weight loss is not the primary method. Choice C is incorrect as diabetes and alcohol consumption are risk factors, but preventing stroke through regular checkups is not as direct as managing cholesterol and hypertension. Choice D is incorrect as lack of exercise and a poor diet are indeed risk factors, but the prevention of stroke through lifestyle changes needs to specifically address high cholesterol and hypertension.
2. A nurse is assessing a client who has dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Bradycardia.
- B. Elevated blood pressure.
- C. Furrows in the tongue.
- D. Polyuria.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Furrows in the tongue.' Dehydration commonly presents with furrows in the tongue due to decreased oral moisture. This physical finding indicates dehydration as the tongue loses moisture and becomes dry. Choice A, 'Bradycardia,' is not typically associated with dehydration; instead, tachycardia may be present as a compensatory mechanism. Elevated blood pressure, as mentioned in choice B, is not a typical finding in dehydration; in fact, dehydration often leads to a decrease in blood pressure. Polyuria, as in choice D, is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus, rather than dehydration.
3. What should a healthcare professional do when a client with anorexia nervosa insists on working out constantly?
- A. Allow the client to workout and continue their regimen
- B. Restrict the client's workout regimen to one hour a day
- C. Discuss the risks of over-exercising with the client
- D. Speak to the client privately to uncover the source of the obsession
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When dealing with a client with anorexia nervosa who insists on working out constantly, it is crucial to address the situation sensitively. Speaking to the client privately to uncover the source of the obsession is the most appropriate action. This approach allows the healthcare professional to understand the underlying reasons for the behavior and work towards a solution together. Choices A and B could potentially exacerbate the client's condition by either enabling the behavior or imposing restrictions without addressing the root cause. While choice C is important, simply discussing the risks may not address the client's compulsion to exercise excessively.
4. What are the key interventions for managing a patient with asthma?
- A. Administer bronchodilators and monitor oxygen levels
- B. Encourage deep breathing exercises
- C. Provide corticosteroids and monitor for respiratory distress
- D. Provide antihistamines and monitor blood pressure
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer bronchodilators and monitor oxygen levels. Asthma management involves using bronchodilators to help open the airways and improve breathing. Monitoring oxygen levels is essential to ensure the patient is getting enough oxygen. Choice B, encouraging deep breathing exercises, can be helpful for some respiratory conditions but is not a key intervention for managing an acute asthma attack. Choice C, providing corticosteroids and monitoring for respiratory distress, is important for long-term asthma management and severe exacerbations but is not the immediate key intervention during an acute attack. Choice D, providing antihistamines and monitoring blood pressure, is not typically indicated for asthma management as asthma is primarily an airway disease, not a histamine-mediated condition.
5. A client with chronic kidney disease needs dietary restrictions. What restriction is necessary?
- A. Increase protein intake
- B. Limit potassium-rich foods
- C. Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration
- D. Increase phosphorus intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to limit potassium-rich foods for clients with chronic kidney disease. Excessive potassium can be harmful to individuals with compromised kidney function, leading to complications. This restriction helps in managing the condition and preventing further health issues. Choice A is incorrect because increasing protein intake can put additional stress on the kidneys. Choice C is incorrect as excessive fluid intake can burden the kidneys. Choice D is incorrect as increasing phosphorus intake can be harmful for individuals with kidney disease.
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