what are the risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes

ATI LPN

ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020

1. What are the risk factors for developing Type 2 diabetes?

A. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet
B. Age, gender, and family history
C. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and hypertension
D. Frequent exercise and low-carbohydrate diet

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet are established risk factors for developing Type 2 diabetes. Obesity puts extra pressure on the body's ability to properly control blood sugar levels. A sedentary lifestyle contributes to weight gain and insulin resistance. Poor diet, especially one high in processed foods and sugary beverages, can also increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because age, gender, family history, smoking, alcohol consumption, and hypertension can impact overall health but are not the primary risk factors for Type 2 diabetes.

2. A client who experienced an acute myocardial infarction expresses concern about fatigue. What is the best strategy to promote self-care?

A. Ask family members to assist with all self-care tasks
B. Encourage the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with frequent rest periods
C. Instruct the client to remain in bed until fully rested
D. Assign assistive personnel to complete self-care tasks for the client

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Encouraging the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with frequent rest periods is the best strategy to promote self-care for a client who experienced an acute myocardial infarction and is experiencing fatigue. This approach helps the client regain independence while managing fatigue. Asking family members to assist with all self-care tasks (Choice A) may hinder the client's independence. Instructing the client to remain in bed until fully rested (Choice C) may lead to deconditioning and dependency. Assigning assistive personnel to complete self-care tasks for the client (Choice D) does not empower the client to regain independence or actively participate in self-care.

3. What is the nurse's priority when caring for a client with a tracheostomy who is showing signs of respiratory distress?

A. Administer a bronchodilator
B. Suction the tracheostomy
C. Notify the physician immediately
D. Increase the oxygen flow rate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to suction the tracheostomy. When a client with a tracheostomy is experiencing respiratory distress, the priority intervention is to clear the airway by suctioning the tracheostomy to remove secretions that may be obstructing the air passage. Administering a bronchodilator (Choice A) may be considered if bronchospasm is present, but the immediate focus should be on clearing the airway. Notifying the physician (Choice C) is important but should not delay the immediate intervention of suctioning. Increasing the oxygen flow rate (Choice D) may provide temporary relief, but addressing the root cause of the distress by suctioning is the priority.

4. A client who is to undergo surgery for a hip fracture is being taught by a nurse about postoperative pain management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A. I will ask for pain medication only if the pain becomes unbearable.
B. I will ask the nurse to increase my medication if the pain doesn't subside.
C. I will wait until the pain is severe before taking my medication.
D. I will take my medication at regular intervals to stay ahead of the pain.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because taking pain medication at regular intervals helps maintain consistent pain control after surgery. Option A is incorrect because waiting for the pain to become unbearable can lead to inadequate pain management. Option B is incorrect as it suggests increasing medication without a schedule. Option C is incorrect because waiting for the pain to be severe before taking medication is not proactive pain management.

5. What lifestyle change should be emphasized for a client with hypertension?

A. Increase intake of dairy products
B. Reduce caffeine and sodium intake
C. Eat carbohydrate-rich meals
D. Limit intake of leafy green vegetables

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct lifestyle change that should be emphasized for a client with hypertension is to reduce caffeine and sodium intake. Caffeine can temporarily raise blood pressure, and high sodium intake is linked to increased blood pressure levels. Therefore, reducing these two components can help manage blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing intake of dairy products, consuming carbohydrate-rich meals, and limiting intake of leafy green vegetables do not specifically address the factors that contribute to high blood pressure in hypertension.