what are the complications of untreated pneumonia

ATI LPN

ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Quizlet

1. What are the complications of untreated pneumonia?

A. Sepsis and respiratory failure
B. Heart failure and kidney failure
C. Pulmonary embolism and electrolyte imbalance
D. Liver failure and electrolyte imbalance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sepsis and respiratory failure. Untreated pneumonia can lead to severe complications such as sepsis, which is a life-threatening response to infection, and respiratory failure, where the lungs can no longer provide enough oxygen to the body. Heart failure and kidney failure (choice B) are not direct complications of untreated pneumonia. Pulmonary embolism and electrolyte imbalance (choice C) are also not commonly associated with untreated pneumonia. Liver failure and electrolyte imbalance (choice D) are not typical complications of pneumonia.

2. What are the steps in managing a patient with a pressure ulcer?

A. Clean the wound and apply a hydrocolloid dressing
B. Debride necrotic tissue and apply antibiotics
C. Apply an alginate dressing and elevate the affected area
D. Use moisture-retentive dressings and reposition frequently

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clean the wound and apply a hydrocolloid dressing. This step is crucial in managing a pressure ulcer as it helps protect the ulcer from infection and promotes healing by creating a moist environment conducive to tissue repair. Choice B, debriding necrotic tissue and applying antibiotics, is more suitable for managing infected pressure ulcers but not as the initial step. Choice C, applying an alginate dressing and elevating the affected area, may be part of the management but is not the initial step. Choice D, using moisture-retentive dressings and repositioning frequently, is important for prevention but not the first step in managing an existing pressure ulcer.

3. Which type of infectious diseases are required to be reported to the health department?

A. Staphylococcus aureus infections, including MRSA
B. Severe cases of flu-like symptoms
C. Common colds and non-severe respiratory infections
D. Only contagious diseases like meningitis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Staphylococcus aureus infections, including MRSA. Severe infections like MRSA are required to be reported to the health department as they pose a significant public health risk. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because severe flu-like symptoms, common colds, and non-severe respiratory infections, and only contagious diseases like meningitis do not fall under the category of infectious diseases that must be reported to the health department.

4. A client with IV fluids has developed redness and warmth at the IV site. What is the next step the nurse should take?

A. Apply a cold compress to the IV site
B. Discontinue the IV and notify the healthcare provider
C. Monitor the IV site for signs of infection
D. Increase the IV flow rate to improve circulation

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a client develops redness and warmth at the IV site, it is indicative of phlebitis, which is inflammation of the vein. The next step for the nurse should be to discontinue the IV and notify the healthcare provider. Applying a cold compress may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying issue. Monitoring for infection is important, but in this case, the presence of redness and warmth suggests phlebitis, not infection. Increasing the IV flow rate can exacerbate the inflammation and should be avoided.

5. What should a person recommend to a client experiencing constipation?

A. Increase fluid intake to prevent further dehydration
B. Increase dietary fiber to promote regular bowel movements
C. Administer a laxative to relieve constipation
D. Encourage bed rest to allow for bowel function to return

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Increasing dietary fiber is an effective recommendation for clients experiencing constipation as it helps promote regular bowel movements. Choice A, increasing fluid intake, is also important but the most appropriate initial recommendation for constipation is to increase dietary fiber. Choice C, administering a laxative, should not be the first-line recommendation and is typically considered after dietary and lifestyle interventions. Choice D, encouraging bed rest, does not directly address constipation relief or prevention.