what are the complications of untreated pneumonia

ATI LPN

ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 Quizlet

1. What are the complications of untreated pneumonia?

A. Sepsis and respiratory failure
B. Heart failure and kidney failure
C. Pulmonary embolism and electrolyte imbalance
D. Liver failure and electrolyte imbalance

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sepsis and respiratory failure. Untreated pneumonia can lead to severe complications such as sepsis, which is a life-threatening response to infection, and respiratory failure, where the lungs can no longer provide enough oxygen to the body. Heart failure and kidney failure (choice B) are not direct complications of untreated pneumonia. Pulmonary embolism and electrolyte imbalance (choice C) are also not commonly associated with untreated pneumonia. Liver failure and electrolyte imbalance (choice D) are not typical complications of pneumonia.

2. A nurse is preparing to administer a rectal suppository to a school-age child. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

A. Insert the suppository 1 cm into the rectum
B. Insert the suppository 2 cm into the rectum
C. Insert the suppository past the anal sphincters
D. Insert the suppository using two fingers

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Insert the suppository past the anal sphincters.' When administering a rectal suppository, it is essential to insert it past the anal sphincters to ensure proper placement and absorption. Choices A and B are incorrect because the suppository should be inserted further than just 1 or 2 cm into the rectum to reach the optimal absorption site. Choice D is incorrect as using two fingers is not necessary and may cause discomfort to the child.

3. A client has developed phlebitis at the IV site. What is the most appropriate next step?

A. Apply a warm compress over the IV site
B. Notify the provider and discontinue the IV infusion
C. Increase the IV flow rate to clear the blockage
D. Elevate the extremity and apply an ice pack

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Phlebitis, inflammation of a vein, is a complication that requires prompt action. The most appropriate next step is to discontinue the IV infusion and notify the healthcare provider. Applying a warm compress, increasing the IV flow rate, or applying an ice pack are not appropriate interventions for phlebitis. Warm compresses may worsen inflammation, increasing the IV flow rate could exacerbate the condition, and ice packs are not recommended for phlebitis.

4. What is the proper technique for measuring blood pressure manually?

A. Use a stethoscope to listen for the Korotkoff sounds
B. Ensure the patient is seated with the arm supported
C. Use a manual sphygmomanometer
D. Deflate the cuff slowly while listening to the heartbeat

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct technique for measuring blood pressure manually involves using a stethoscope to listen for the Korotkoff sounds. Choice B, ensuring the patient is seated with the arm supported, is important but not the specific technique for measuring blood pressure. Choice C, using a manual sphygmomanometer, is a necessary tool but not the technique itself. Choice D, deflating the cuff slowly while listening to the heartbeat, is not the correct technique as the deflation should be done while listening for the Korotkoff sounds to determine the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings.

5. What are the side effects of chemotherapy, and how should they be managed?

A. Nausea, vomiting; manage with antiemetics
B. Hair loss and anemia; manage with blood transfusions
C. Diarrhea and fatigue; manage with hydration
D. Weight gain and high blood pressure; manage with diuretics

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct side effects of chemotherapy mentioned in this question are nausea and vomiting. These side effects are commonly managed with antiemetics to improve the quality of life for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Choice B (Hair loss and anemia) is incorrect as hair loss and anemia are potential side effects of chemotherapy but are not addressed in this question. Choice C (Diarrhea and fatigue) is also incorrect as it does not match the side effects provided. Choice D (Weight gain and high blood pressure) is inaccurate as these are not typical side effects of chemotherapy.