Nursing Elites

1. The client is being taught about perineal care postpartum. Which instruction should the client receive?

• A. Use ice packs to reduce swelling for the first 24 hours.
• B. Apply heat packs immediately after birth to reduce pain.
• C. Avoid using a peri-bottle to cleanse the perineum.
• D. Use tampons to absorb lochia discharge.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction for the client postpartum is to use ice packs to reduce swelling for the first 24 hours. This helps alleviate discomfort and promote healing. Applying heat packs immediately after birth is not recommended as they can increase swelling. A peri-bottle is advised for cleansing the perineum, not to be avoided. Tampons should not be used to absorb lochia discharge as they can increase the risk of infection. Therefore, the use of ice packs is the most appropriate and beneficial instruction for perineal care postpartum.

2. Which of the following is a more reliable indicator of perfusion in children than in adults?

• A. Blood pressure
• B. Heart rate
• C. Respiratory rate
• D. Capillary refill

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Capillary refill is a more reliable indicator of perfusion in children than in adults. This is because children have more compliant vessels, making capillary refill a more sensitive indicator of perfusion status in this population. In contrast, while blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate are important indicators, they may not be as reliable in children as capillary refill. Blood pressure can be affected by various factors such as anxiety or pain, heart rate can be influenced by emotions or temperature, and respiratory rate may vary with activity levels. Therefore, capillary refill is preferred in children for a more accurate assessment of perfusion.

3. The healthcare provider is assessing a newborn for signs of hypoglycemia. Which finding is consistent with hypoglycemia?

• A. Jitteriness
• B. Flushed skin
• C. Quiet alert state
• D. Strong cry

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Jitteriness is a common clinical manifestation of hypoglycemia in newborns. It is important to recognize this sign promptly as it can indicate a potentially serious condition that requires immediate attention and intervention to prevent complications.

4. A mother reported to you that her 6-year-old child is suffering from diarrhea. Which of the following advice will you give to the mother?

• A. Breastfeeding should be continued day and night
• B. Formula milk should be stopped for 6 hours
• C. Breast milk can be given together with oral rehydration salts
• D. A and C

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When a child is suffering from diarrhea, it is essential to continue breastfeeding day and night to maintain hydration and provide necessary nutrients. Stopping formula milk for 6 hours (choice B) is not the recommended approach as it may lead to a lack of essential nutrients during this critical time. Giving breast milk together with oral rehydration salts (choice C) can help replenish lost fluids and electrolytes, making it a suitable recommendation. Therefore, advising the mother to follow both options A and C is the most appropriate approach to manage the child's condition effectively.

5. The word hormone is derived from the Greek 'hormao' meaning 'I excite or arouse.' Hormones communicate this effect through their unique chemical structures recognized by specific receptors on their target cells, their patterns of secretion, and their concentrations in the general or local circulation. Which of the following is NOT a function of hormones?

• A. Producing new offspring
• B. Promoting growth and enhancing beauty
• C. Maintaining body temperature
• D. Fighting infections

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Hormones play a crucial role in various bodily functions such as regulating metabolism, growth, and maintaining homeostasis. However, producing new offspring involves reproductive processes controlled by other systems in the body, not directly by hormones.

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