ATI LPN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam 2019 Quizlet
1. The client with a history of heart failure is taking furosemide (Lasix). Which laboratory result should the nurse monitor closely?
- A. Serum sodium.
- B. Serum potassium.
- C. Serum calcium.
- D. Serum magnesium.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic that can lead to potassium loss, causing hypokalemia. Monitoring serum potassium levels is crucial to prevent complications such as cardiac dysrhythmias associated with low potassium levels.
2. A client with hypertension is asking for lifestyle changes. What should the nurse recommend?
- A. Increase sodium intake to manage blood pressure
- B. Reduce caffeine and alcohol consumption
- C. Encourage the client to increase protein intake
- D. Increase intake of fruits and vegetables
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Reduce caffeine and alcohol consumption. This recommendation is crucial for managing hypertension as excessive caffeine and alcohol intake can elevate blood pressure. By reducing these stimulants, the client can help regulate their blood pressure levels. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing sodium intake (Choice A) is contraindicated in hypertension as it can lead to fluid retention and worsen blood pressure. Encouraging increased protein intake (Choice C) and increasing intake of fruits and vegetables (Choice D) are generally healthy dietary suggestions but not specifically targeted at managing hypertension.
3. What is the priority nursing action for a dehydrated client who needs fluids?
- A. Administer antiemetics to prevent vomiting
- B. Monitor electrolyte levels frequently
- C. Administer oral rehydration solutions
- D. Insert an NG tube for fluid administration
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor electrolyte levels frequently. When a client is dehydrated and needs fluids, it is essential to monitor electrolyte levels to prevent complications such as electrolyte imbalances. Administering antiemetics to prevent vomiting (Choice A) may be necessary but is not the priority when addressing dehydration. Administering oral rehydration solutions (Choice C) can be beneficial, but monitoring electrolyte levels takes precedence to ensure proper hydration. Inserting an NG tube for fluid administration (Choice D) is invasive and not typically the first-line approach for managing dehydration.
4. A nurse is caring for a client following an acute myocardial infarction who is concerned about fatigue. What is the best strategy to promote independence in self-care?
- A. Instruct the client to remain in bed until the fatigue resolves
- B. Encourage the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with frequent rest periods
- C. Assign assistive personnel to perform all self-care tasks for the client
- D. Ask the client's family to assist with self-care
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with frequent rest periods is the best strategy to promote independence while managing fatigue. This approach allows the client to regain confidence in their abilities and fosters independence. Option A is incorrect as prolonged bed rest can lead to deconditioning and worsen fatigue. Option C is not promoting independence as it involves delegating all self-care tasks to others. Option D involves family assistance, which may be helpful but does not directly promote the client's independence in self-care.
5. A nurse is providing teaching to a client with a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which instruction should the nurse give to the client to monitor for hypoglycemia?
- A. Monitor for polyuria
- B. Monitor for diaphoresis
- C. Monitor for abdominal pain
- D. Monitor for thirst
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Monitor for diaphoresis.' Diaphoresis, which refers to excessive sweating, is a common symptom of hypoglycemia. It indicates a low blood sugar level and should prompt immediate treatment. Polyuria (excessive urination), abdominal pain, and thirst are not typically associated with hypoglycemia. Polyuria is more commonly linked to hyperglycemia, while abdominal pain and thirst are not specific symptoms of hypoglycemia.
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