ATI LPN
ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam 2019 Quizlet
1. The healthcare provider is caring for a client with a chest tube. Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Intermittent bubbling in the water seal chamber.
- B. Drainage of 75 ml in the first hour post-insertion.
- C. Crepitus around the insertion site.
- D. Fluctuation of the water level in the water seal chamber with respiration.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Crepitus (subcutaneous emphysema) around the insertion site can indicate air leakage, requiring immediate intervention to prevent complications such as pneumothorax. This assessment finding suggests that there may be a break in the chest tube system, leading to air entering the pleural space. Prompt intervention is crucial to prevent respiratory compromise and further complications.
2. Child protective services have removed 10-year-old Christopher from his parents’ home due to neglect. Christopher reveals to the nurse that he considers the woman next door his “nice” mom, that he loves school, and gets above-average grades. The strongest explanation for this response is:
- A. Temperament
- B. Genetic factors
- C. Resilience
- D. Paradoxical effects of neglect
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Resilience is the ability to adapt well despite adversity, which is demonstrated by Christopher's positive relationships and school performance. Despite the challenging situation of being removed from his parents' home, Christopher's ability to form a positive bond with the neighbor, enjoy school, and excel academically showcases his resilience in coping with the circumstances.
3. A 30-year-old woman presents with fatigue, polyuria, and polydipsia. Laboratory tests reveal hyperglycemia and ketonuria. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- B. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- C. Diabetes insipidus
- D. Hyperthyroidism
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of a 30-year-old woman with fatigue, polyuria, polydipsia, hyperglycemia, and ketonuria is highly suggestive of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency and subsequent hyperglycemia. The presence of ketonuria indicates the breakdown of fats for energy due to the lack of insulin. In contrast, type 2 diabetes mellitus typically presents with gradual onset and is often associated with insulin resistance rather than absolute insulin deficiency. Diabetes insipidus is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia but is not associated with hyperglycemia or ketonuria. Hyperthyroidism may present with symptoms like fatigue but does not typically cause hyperglycemia or ketonuria.
4. Which of the following is an essential nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects?
- A. Iron
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Calcium
- D. Folic acid
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Folic acid is a crucial nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy. It plays a vital role in the development of the neural tube in the fetus, reducing the risk of defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. It is recommended that women of childbearing age consume adequate amounts of folic acid, either through diet or supplements, to support a healthy pregnancy and prevent these serious birth defects.
5. A patient is experiencing a manic episode. Which intervention is most effective?
- A. Encouraging the patient to participate in group activities
- B. Providing a low-stimulation environment
- C. Allowing the patient to move freely around the unit
- D. Engaging the patient in competitive games
Correct answer: B
Rationale: During a manic episode, individuals may be overwhelmed by stimuli. Providing a low-stimulation environment can help reduce excessive sensory input and minimize exacerbation of manic behaviors. This intervention aims to create a calm and structured setting that supports the individual in managing their symptoms effectively.
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