Nursing Elites

1. How many kilocalories (kcal) are provided by 35 g of fat?

• A. 140
• B. 245
• C. 315
• D. 360

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, so 35 grams of fat provides 315 kcal. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choice A (140) is incorrect because it doesn't consider the energy content of fat. Choice B (245) is incorrect as it miscalculates the kilocalories provided by 35g of fat. Choice D (360) is incorrect because it overestimates the kilocalories provided by 35g of fat.

2. Nutrients interact in the body to regulate metabolic processes, build and repair tissue, and to:

• A. provide energy.
• B. control cellular wastes.
• C. control hormone levels.
• D. regulate absorption.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: provide energy. Nutrients play a crucial role in providing energy for the body's various functions. While they do help in regulating metabolic processes and in building and repairing tissue, the primary function related to energy production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as nutrients are not primarily responsible for controlling cellular wastes, hormone levels, or absorption.

3. Regurgitation or reflux of acidic stomach contents back into the esophagus is known as:

• A. hiatal hernia.
• B. diverticulitis.
• C. gastroenteritis.
• D. gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). GERD occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn and regurgitation. Choice A, hiatal hernia, is a condition where part of the stomach pushes up into the chest through an opening in the diaphragm. Choice B, diverticulitis, is inflammation or infection of small pouches that can form in the lining of the digestive system. Choice C, gastroenteritis, is inflammation of the stomach and intestines typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Therefore, only choice D accurately describes the regurgitation or reflux of acidic stomach contents back into the esophagus.

4. A food choice equivalent to one serving from the Protein group of MyPlate is:

• A. 1 tbsp peanut butter.
• B. 3 oz fish.
• C. 2 oz cheese.
• D. 1/2 cup cooked dry beans or peas.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: One tablespoon of peanut butter is equivalent to one serving from the Protein group in MyPlate. It provides a good amount of protein and healthy fats. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they represent larger serving sizes than a single serving from the Protein group in MyPlate. 3 oz of fish, 2 oz of cheese, and 1/2 cup of cooked dry beans or peas would exceed the recommended serving size for the Protein group.

5. Protein is constantly being exchanged between which two components?

• A. tissue and plasma.
• B. the liver and the small intestine.
• C. blood and lymph.
• D. the heart and lungs.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'tissue and plasma.' Protein turnover involves the continuous exchange of proteins between body tissues and the bloodstream (plasma) as part of normal metabolic processes. This process ensures a balance in protein levels throughout the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the primary sites for protein turnover in the body.

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