Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is not a clinical type of diarrhea?

• A. Acute diarrhea
• B. Bloody diarrhea
• C. Persistent diarrhea
• D. Secretory diarrhea

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Bloody diarrhea is not typically classified as a clinical type of diarrhea. The clinical types of diarrhea commonly include acute, persistent, and secretory diarrhea, which are characterized by different mechanisms and durations. Bloody diarrhea usually indicates the presence of blood in the stool, which can be a sign of various underlying conditions but is not a specific clinical type of diarrhea.

2. In which stage do you determine if the patient has achieved the expected outcomes?

• A. Implementation
• B. Evaluation
• C. Assessment
• D. Diagnosis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Evaluation is the correct stage in the nursing process to determine if the patient has achieved the expected outcomes. During the evaluation stage, the healthcare provider assesses the effectiveness of the care plan and decides on any necessary adjustments to reach the desired goals. Choice A, Implementation, is incorrect because this stage involves putting the care plan into action. Choice C, Assessment, is incorrect as it is the stage where data about the patient's health status is gathered. Choice D, Diagnosis, is also incorrect as it is the stage where the healthcare provider identifies the patient's health problems based on the assessment data.

3. A 5-year-old boy was struck by a car when he ran out into the street. When you arrive at the scene and approach the child, you see him lying supine approximately 15 feet from the car. Based on the child's age and mechanism of injury, which of the following should you suspect to be his PRIMARY injury?

• A. Lower leg injury
• B. Head injury
• C. Upper thorax injury
• D. Pelvic injury

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Given the mechanism of injury and the distance the child was thrown, a primary pelvic injury should be suspected due to the high impact and force. The pelvis is a common site for significant injury in such cases, and the distance the child was thrown indicates a high-energy impact that could lead to pelvic fractures or injuries.

4. The healthcare provider is preparing to administer Rh immune globulin (RhoGAM) to a postpartum client. This medication is indicated for:

• A. Rh-negative individuals with Rh-positive infants
• B. Rh-positive individuals with Rh-negative infants
• C. All individuals regardless of Rh status
• D. Individuals with a history of Rh incompatibility

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Rh immune globulin (RhoGAM) is administered to Rh-negative individuals who have given birth to Rh-positive infants to prevent Rh sensitization. When an Rh-negative individual gives birth to an Rh-positive infant, there is a risk of the mother developing antibodies against the Rh-positive blood cells, which can lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn in subsequent pregnancies. Rh immune globulin is given to prevent this sensitization in Rh-negative individuals who deliver Rh-positive infants.

5. Fred is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia. Which of the following would Nurse Nica expect to assess?

• A. Mild cough
• B. Slight fever
• C. Chest pain
• D. Bulging fontanel

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chest pain is a common symptom seen in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. It can result from inflammation of the pleura or irritation of the diaphragm due to the infection. While cough and fever are also common symptoms, chest pain is particularly significant in pneumonia cases as it can be a distressing symptom for the patient and may indicate complications or severity of the infection. Bulging fontanel, on the other hand, is more indicative of conditions affecting infants and is not typically associated with pneumococcal pneumonia in a 12-year-old boy.

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