ATI LPN
Pediatric ATI Proctored Test
1. Which of the following is not a clinical type of diarrhea?
- A. Acute diarrhea
- B. Bloody diarrhea
- C. Persistent diarrhea
- D. Secretory diarrhea
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Bloody diarrhea is not typically classified as a clinical type of diarrhea. The clinical types of diarrhea commonly include acute, persistent, and secretory diarrhea, which are characterized by different mechanisms and durations. Bloody diarrhea usually indicates the presence of blood in the stool, which can be a sign of various underlying conditions but is not a specific clinical type of diarrhea.
2. During the process of deamination, the nitrogen portion of amino acids is converted to:
- A. ammonia.
- B. protein.
- C. purines.
- D. glycogen.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: During the process of deamination, the nitrogen portion of amino acids is converted to ammonia. This occurs in the liver as part of the process to remove excess nitrogen from the body. Choice B, 'protein,' is incorrect as deamination breaks down amino acids rather than synthesizing proteins. Choice C, 'purines,' is incorrect as purines are a type of nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA, not a product of deamination. Choice D, 'glycogen,' is incorrect as glycogen is a storage form of glucose and not a product of amino acid deamination.
3. In a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving erythropoietin therapy, what laboratory result should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of this therapy?
- A. Serum creatinine
- B. White blood cell count
- C. Hemoglobin level
- D. Serum potassium
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hemoglobin level. Erythropoietin therapy is used to stimulate red blood cell production in patients with chronic kidney disease who often develop anemia due to reduced erythropoietin production by the kidneys. Monitoring the hemoglobin level is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of erythropoietin therapy as an increase in hemoglobin indicates improved red blood cell production and better management of anemia in these patients. Serum creatinine, white blood cell count, and serum potassium levels are important parameters to monitor in CKD patients but are not specific indicators of the effectiveness of erythropoietin therapy for managing anemia.
4. During a change-of-shift assessment, a nurse is evaluating four clients. Which finding should the nurse report to the provider first?
- A. A client with cystic fibrosis who has a productive cough and reports thirst
- B. A client with gastroenteritis who is lethargic and confused
- C. A client with diabetes mellitus whose blood glucose is 185 mg/dL
- D. A client with sickle cell anemia who reports pain 15 minutes after receiving analgesics
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Lethargy and confusion in a client with gastroenteritis are concerning findings that may indicate severe dehydration or electrolyte imbalance, requiring immediate intervention. While the other options are important, they do not pose an immediate life-threatening risk compared to the altered mental status in a client with gastroenteritis.
5. Infections are common in people who have inadequate protein intake because of an insufficient quantity of:
- A. insulin.
- B. lipoprotein.
- C. antibodies.
- D. albumin.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Inadequate protein intake can lead to a decrease in antibody production, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Insulin (Choice A) is a hormone involved in regulating blood sugar levels, not related to protein intake. Lipoprotein (Choice B) is a type of lipid-protein complex involved in lipid transport, not directly related to antibody production. Albumin (Choice D) is a protein that helps maintain oncotic pressure and carries various substances in the blood, but it is not primarily responsible for fighting infections like antibodies.
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