ATI LPN
ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet
1. A patient who is diagnosed with cervical cancer that is classified as Tis, N0, M0 asks the nurse what the letters and numbers mean. Which response by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. The cancer involves only the cervix.
- B. The cancer cells closely resemble normal cells.
- C. Further testing is necessary to determine the spread of the cancer.
- D. Determining the original site of the cervical cancer is challenging.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct response is A: 'The cancer involves only the cervix.' In staging, 'Tis' indicates cancer in situ, which means it is localized to the cervix and not invasive at this time. The differentiation of cancer cells is not part of clinical staging. Since the cancer is in situ, its origin is the cervix. Further testing is not required as the cancer has not spread beyond the cervix. Choice B is incorrect as the staging information provided does not relate to the resemblance of cancer cells to normal cells. Choice C is incorrect because further testing is not necessary as the cancer is localized. Choice D is incorrect because the staging information provided clearly indicates the site of origin as the cervix.
2. The nursing assistant asks the nurse to explain the meaning of advocacy. The nurse explains that the fundamental principle of patient advocacy is what?
- A. Independence
- B. Caring
- C. Competence
- D. Protection
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Protection. Protection is the fundamental principle of patient advocacy, ensuring that patients' rights and interests are safeguarded. Advocacy involves actively speaking up for the patient, ensuring they receive proper care, their wishes are respected, and they are protected from harm or exploitation. It goes beyond independence, caring, and competence, focusing on safeguarding the patient's well-being and ensuring their rights are upheld. While independence, caring, and competence are important aspects of patient care, they do not encompass the core principle of advocacy, which is to protect the patient's rights and well-being.
3. Which of the following sandwiches is high in saturated fatty acids?
- A. Tuna salad
- B. Grilled cheese
- C. Turkey and sprouts
- D. Peanut butter and jelly
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is Grilled cheese because it is high in saturated fatty acids due to the dairy fat content in cheese. Tuna salad, turkey and sprouts, and peanut butter and jelly do not contain as high levels of saturated fatty acids as grilled cheese. Tuna salad typically contains mayonnaise which may contribute to some saturated fat content, but it is generally lower compared to the cheese in grilled cheese. Turkey and sprouts are leaner options, while peanut butter and jelly are higher in unsaturated fats rather than saturated fats.
4. Which of the following plasma proteins helps maintain fluid balance?
- A. Albumin
- B. Fibrinogen
- C. Hemoglobin
- D. Collagen
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Albumin is the correct answer. It is a plasma protein that helps maintain osmotic pressure, thereby playing a vital role in regulating fluid balance in the body. Fibrinogen is involved in blood clotting, not fluid balance. Hemoglobin is responsible for oxygen transport in red blood cells, not fluid balance. Collagen is a structural protein found in connective tissues, not directly involved in fluid balance.
5. A healthcare professional is assessing a client for signs of infection. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional look for?
- A. Increased energy
- B. Fever
- C. Improved appetite
- D. Stable weight
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Corrected Question: A healthcare professional is assessing a client for signs of infection. The correct answer is 'Fever.' Fever is a common sign of infection and indicates an immune response to an invading pathogen. Increased energy (Choice A) is not typically associated with infection, as the body often feels fatigued when fighting an infection. Improved appetite (Choice C) and stable weight (Choice D) are not specific signs of infection and may not necessarily indicate the presence of an infectious process. Therefore, the healthcare professional should focus on monitoring for fever as a key indicator of infection.
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