ATI LPN
ATI Mental Health Practice A
1. A patient diagnosed with panic disorder asks the nurse about the purpose of deep breathing exercises. Which explanation by the nurse is most accurate?
- A. Deep breathing helps distract you from your anxiety.
- B. Deep breathing can prevent future panic attacks.
- C. Deep breathing helps reduce physical symptoms of anxiety.
- D. Deep breathing increases your overall lung capacity.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Deep breathing helps reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety, such as rapid heartbeat and shortness of breath.
2. What is a primary symptom of left-sided heart failure?
- A. Shortness of breath
- B. Edema
- C. Rapid heartbeat
- D. Confusion
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Shortness of breath is a primary symptom of left-sided heart failure. In this condition, the heart's inability to pump effectively leads to fluid backing up into the lungs, causing difficulty breathing. Edema (swelling), rapid heartbeat, and confusion are more commonly associated with other conditions or right-sided heart failure. Edema is often seen in right-sided heart failure due to fluid accumulation in the body, rapid heartbeat can be a general sign of heart issues, and confusion is more related to decreased brain perfusion in severe heart failure cases.
3. Which of the following is a source of complete protein?
- A. Cereal grains.
- B. Beans.
- C. Nuts.
- D. Eggs.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Eggs are considered a source of complete protein because they contain all the essential amino acids required by the body. The other options, cereal grains, beans, and nuts, do not provide all the essential amino acids in the necessary proportions to be classified as complete proteins.
4. A client has a new prescription for metformin. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Take the medication with a full glass of water.
- B. Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia.
- C. Increase your fluid intake.
- D. Expect a metallic taste in your mouth.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Increasing fluid intake is an important teaching point for clients starting metformin to prevent gastrointestinal discomfort, a common side effect of this medication. Metformin can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, bloating, and diarrhea, which can be reduced by staying well-hydrated. Therefore, advising the client to increase their fluid intake will help minimize these side effects and improve medication tolerance. The other options are incorrect: Option A is a general instruction for taking medications but not specifically related to metformin. Option B is incorrect because metformin typically does not cause hypoglycemia but rather hyperglycemia. Option D is also incorrect as a metallic taste in the mouth is not a common side effect of metformin.
5. A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is prescribed methotrexate. What should the nurse include in the patient teaching?
- A. Take folic acid supplements as prescribed.
- B. Avoid alcohol completely.
- C. Expect to see immediate results.
- D. Limit fluid intake to 1 liter per day.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Patients prescribed methotrexate should be advised to take folic acid supplements as prescribed. Methotrexate can deplete folic acid levels, leading to side effects. By taking folic acid supplements as directed, the patient can reduce the risk of experiencing adverse effects associated with methotrexate therapy. It is important to note that the effects of methotrexate may not be immediate, so realistic expectations should be set with the patient. Alcohol should be avoided while taking methotrexate due to potential interactions and increased risk of liver toxicity. There is no specific recommendation to limit fluid intake to 1 liter per day in relation to methotrexate therapy.
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