Nursing Elites

1. A client is to start taking furosemide and is being taught about dietary modifications by a nurse. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend to the client?

• A. Cabbage
• B. Bananas
• C. Carrots
• D. Potatoes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bananas. Bananas are high in potassium, which helps counter the potassium-depleting effects of furosemide. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to potassium loss, so including potassium-rich foods like bananas in the diet can help maintain a healthy potassium level. Choices A, C, and D do not specifically address the potassium needs associated with furosemide therapy and are not the most appropriate recommendations in this context.

2. A nurse is caring for a client with dementia who is at risk of falls. What is the most appropriate intervention?

• A. Use a bed exit alarm to notify staff of attempts to leave the bed
• B. Raise all four side rails for safety
• C. Encourage frequent ambulation with assistance
• D. Use restraints to prevent the client from getting out of bed

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate intervention for a client with dementia at risk of falls is to use a bed exit alarm to notify staff of attempts to leave the bed. This intervention allows for timely assistance and prevents falls. Raising all four side rails (Choice B) can lead to entrapment or agitate the client. Encouraging frequent ambulation with assistance (Choice C) may not be suitable for a client at high risk of falls. Using restraints (Choice D) should be avoided as they can increase agitation, risk of injury, and have ethical implications.

3. A client with a peptic ulcer had a partial gastrectomy and vagotomy (Billroth I). In planning the discharge teaching, the client should be cautioned by the nurse about which of the following?

• A. Sit up for at least 30 minutes after eating
• B. Avoid fluids between meals
• C. Increase the intake of high-carbohydrate foods
• D. Avoid eating large meals that are high in simple sugars and liquids

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Avoid eating large meals that are high in simple sugars and liquids.' Clients who have undergone partial gastrectomy are at risk of dumping syndrome, which can occur due to the rapid emptying of stomach contents into the small intestine. Consuming large meals high in simple sugars and liquids can exacerbate this syndrome, leading to symptoms like abdominal cramping and diarrhea. Choices A, B, and C are not directly related to preventing dumping syndrome and are not the priority concerns for a client post-partial gastrectomy.

4. A healthcare professional is planning care for a client who has a prescription for mechanical restraints. Which of the following interventions should the healthcare professional include in the plan?

• A. Document the client's status every 60 minutes.
• B. Provide a staff member to stay with the client continuously.
• C. Measure vital signs every 4 hours.
• D. Obtain a prescription for the restraints every 8 hours.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When a client has a prescription for mechanical restraints, it is essential to provide continuous monitoring for their safety and to observe any behavioral changes. Having a staff member stay with the client continuously allows for immediate intervention if needed. Documenting the client's status every 60 minutes (Choice A) may not provide real-time monitoring, which is crucial in this situation. While measuring vital signs every 4 hours (Choice C) is important, continuous observation takes precedence in this scenario. Obtaining a prescription for the restraints every 8 hours (Choice D) is not a necessary intervention once the initial prescription is in place.

5. A client with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus inquires about information concerning oral antidiabetic agents. In addition to the provider, where should the nurse refer the client for information?

• A. Family members
• B. Pharmacist
• C. Dietitian
• D. American Diabetes Association

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: American Diabetes Association. The American Diabetes Association is a reputable source that provides credible information on managing diabetes. While family members can offer support, they may not have the specialized knowledge on oral antidiabetic agents. Pharmacists are knowledgeable about medications but may not provide comprehensive information on diabetes management. Dietitians can offer valuable advice on nutrition but may not cover specific details about oral antidiabetic agents. Therefore, referring the client to the American Diabetes Association ensures access to accurate and detailed information related to their condition.

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