ATI LPN
PN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment Form B
1. A client is being educated by a nurse on how to use a PCA pump postoperatively. Which statement by the client indicates understanding?
- A. I should wait until the pain is severe before using the PCA pump.
- B. My family can press the button for me while I’m asleep.
- C. I will press the button when I start to feel pain.
- D. I will only press the button once per hour.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. This statement indicates understanding because the client recognizes that they should use the PCA pump when they start to feel pain. Waiting for the pain to become severe is not recommended as it may lead to inadequate pain control. Option B is incorrect because only the client should control the PCA pump to ensure safety and appropriate dosing. Option D is also incorrect as there is no set limit on how often the button can be pressed, as it should be used as needed when pain is felt.
2. The LPN/LVN is reinforcing instructions to a client on the use of a metered-dose inhaler. The nurse should recognize that the client is using the inhaler correctly if the client takes which action?
- A. Takes a deep breath and then exhales just before administration
- B. Holds the mouthpiece 1 to 2 inches from the mouth
- C. Inhales the medication and then exhales immediately after administration
- D. Performs 3 short inhalations and then exhales deeply after administration
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When using a metered-dose inhaler, the client should take a deep breath and then exhale just before administration. This technique helps ensure that the medication is inhaled effectively. By exhaling before administration, the client can fully inhale the medication into the lungs, maximizing its therapeutic effects. Choice B is incorrect because holding the mouthpiece 1 to 2 inches from the mouth is not a crucial step for using a metered-dose inhaler correctly. Choice C is incorrect because inhaling the medication and then exhaling immediately after administration would not allow the medication to be adequately absorbed into the lungs. Choice D is incorrect because performing 3 short inhalations and then exhaling deeply after administration is not the correct technique for using a metered-dose inhaler.
3. A healthcare provider is preparing to administer a dose of levothyroxine. Which of the following should the healthcare provider do?
- A. Give it with food
- B. Assess the patient's heart rate
- C. Administer it in the evening
- D. Give it with calcium supplements
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to assess the patient's heart rate. Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement medication that can increase metabolism. One of the potential side effects of levothyroxine is tachycardia (rapid heart rate). Therefore, it is essential for the healthcare provider to assess the patient's heart rate before administering the medication to monitor for any signs of tachycardia. Giving levothyroxine with food may affect its absorption, so it is typically recommended to administer it on an empty stomach. Administering it in the evening is not necessary unless specifically prescribed by the healthcare provider, and giving it with calcium supplements can interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine.
4. What are the key components of a respiratory assessment?
- A. Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
- B. Inspection, Observation, Auscultation, Percussion
- C. Auscultation, Palpation, Observation, Percussion
- D. Observation, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation. A focused respiratory assessment involves inspecting the chest for symmetry and signs of distress, palpating for tenderness or abnormal masses, performing percussion to assess underlying tissues, and auscultating lung sounds. Choice B is incorrect as observation is a broad term that can encompass both inspection and palpation. Choice C is incorrect as auscultation is usually performed after inspection and palpation. Choice D is incorrect as observation should be more specific, and auscultation is a key component that is typically done last in a respiratory assessment.
5. A nurse is assessing a client who has dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Bradycardia.
- B. Elevated blood pressure.
- C. Furrows in the tongue.
- D. Polyuria.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Furrows in the tongue.' Dehydration commonly presents with furrows in the tongue due to decreased oral moisture. This physical finding indicates dehydration as the tongue loses moisture and becomes dry. Choice A, 'Bradycardia,' is not typically associated with dehydration; instead, tachycardia may be present as a compensatory mechanism. Elevated blood pressure, as mentioned in choice B, is not a typical finding in dehydration; in fact, dehydration often leads to a decrease in blood pressure. Polyuria, as in choice D, is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus, rather than dehydration.
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