a nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition tpn which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent infecti

ATI LPN

ATI NCLEX PN Predictor Test

1. A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent infection?

A. Monitor the client's electrolyte levels
B. Change the TPN tubing every 24 hours
C. Monitor blood glucose levels every 4 hours
D. Administer insulin as prescribed

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Changing the TPN tubing every 24 hours is crucial in preventing infection by reducing the risk of bacterial contamination. Monitoring electrolyte levels (choice A) is essential but not directly related to preventing TPN-related infections. Monitoring blood glucose levels (choice C) is important for clients receiving TPN, but it is more related to glycemic control than infection prevention. Administering insulin as prescribed (choice D) is necessary for clients with diabetes but is not directly linked to preventing TPN-related infections.

2. A nurse is planning discharge teaching about cord care for the parents of a newborn. Which of the following instructions should the nurse plan to include in the teaching?

A. Clean the base of the cord with hydrogen peroxide daily.
B. The cord stump will fall off in 5 days.
C. Contact the provider if the cord stump turns black.
D. Keep the cord stump dry until it falls off.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is to keep the cord stump dry until it falls off. This is important to promote natural healing and prevent infection. Choice A is incorrect because cleaning the cord with hydrogen peroxide daily can actually delay healing and increase the risk of infection. Choice B is incorrect as the cord stump typically falls off within 1 to 3 weeks, not in 5 days. Choice C is incorrect because a cord stump turning black is a normal part of the healing process and does not necessarily indicate a problem requiring immediate provider contact.

3. How should a healthcare provider manage a patient with Type 1 diabetes?

A. Administer insulin and monitor blood glucose levels
B. Provide a low-carbohydrate diet and oral hypoglycemics
C. Administer oral hypoglycemics and provide dietary education
D. Provide a high-protein diet and insulin injections

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is managed with insulin administration and regular blood glucose monitoring. Choice A is correct because administering insulin is essential in Type 1 diabetes management to help regulate blood glucose levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Type 1 diabetes requires insulin therapy as the primary treatment, not oral hypoglycemics or dietary modifications like low-carbohydrate or high-protein diets. Monitoring blood glucose levels is crucial in adjusting insulin doses and ensuring optimal management of the condition.

4. A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a bronchoscopy. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

A. The client is anxious about the procedure.
B. The client has not eaten for 8 hours.
C. The client has a reported allergy to shellfish.
D. The client has a platelet count of 100,000/mm³.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A platelet count of 100,000/mm³ is low and increases the risk of bleeding during the bronchoscopy. This finding should be reported to the provider for further evaluation and possible intervention. Choices A, B, and C are not as critical in this situation. Anxiety about the procedure is common and can be managed with appropriate interventions. Not eating for 8 hours is a standard pre-procedure requirement to prevent aspiration during sedation. A reported allergy to shellfish is important to note but is not directly related to the risk of complications during a bronchoscopy.

5. What are the key differences between hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia?

A. Hypoglycemia: Sweating, trembling; Hyperglycemia: Frequent urination, thirst
B. Hypoglycemia: Increased thirst; Hyperglycemia: Sweating, confusion
C. Hypoglycemia: Increased appetite; Hyperglycemia: Blurred vision
D. Hypoglycemia: Dizziness; Hyperglycemia: Low blood pressure

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Hypoglycemia typically presents with sweating and trembling, while hyperglycemia is characterized by frequent urination and thirst. Therefore, the correct key differences between hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia are that hypoglycemia includes symptoms like sweating and trembling, while hyperglycemia involves symptoms such as frequent urination and thirst. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the characteristic symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia, as stated in the question.