ATI LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor
1. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following hip replacement surgery. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent dislocation of the prosthesis?
- A. Cross the client's legs at the knees
- B. Maintain the client's legs in a neutral position
- C. Avoid placing a pillow under the client's knees
- D. Elevate the client's legs
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct action to prevent dislocation of the prosthesis after hip replacement surgery is to avoid placing a pillow under the client's knees. Placing a pillow can cause hip adduction, leading to dislocation. Crossing the client's legs at the knees and elevating the client's legs can also increase the risk of hip dislocation. Maintaining the client's legs in a neutral position is important to prevent complications.
2. A patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) performs hand washing repeatedly. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate?
- A. Restricting the patient from washing hands
- B. Setting strict limits on the patient's hand washing
- C. Allowing the patient to wash hands at specified times
- D. Ignoring the patient's behavior
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Allowing the patient to wash hands at specified times is the most appropriate nursing intervention for a patient with OCD who repetitively performs hand washing. This intervention provides structure by allowing the patient to engage in the behavior at designated times, helping to reduce the compulsion gradually. Restricting or setting strict limits may increase anxiety and worsen the condition, while ignoring the behavior does not address the underlying issue of OCD.
3. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being taught by a nurse about measures to improve breathing. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Use pursed-lip breathing during physical activity
- B. Breathe deeply and quickly during exercise
- C. Avoid using the incentive spirometer
- D. Avoid physical activity to conserve energy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should include is to 'Use pursed-lip breathing during physical activity.' Pursed-lip breathing is a technique that helps improve breathing efficiency in individuals with COPD by preventing airway collapse and allowing for better air exchange. Choice B is incorrect because breathing deeply and quickly can lead to hyperventilation and worsen symptoms in COPD patients. Choice C is incorrect because the incentive spirometer is a device used to encourage deep breathing and improve lung function, so it should not be avoided. Choice D is incorrect because physical activity is important for maintaining overall health and should be encouraged in a controlled and appropriate manner for individuals with COPD.
4. After undergoing rigid fixation for a mandibular fracture from a fight, what area of care should the nurse prioritize for discharge education for this client?
- A. Resumption of activities of daily living
- B. Pain control
- C. Promotion of adequate nutrition
- D. Strategies for promoting adequate nutrition
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is promoting adequate nutrition. Following rigid fixation for a mandibular fracture, the client may have limitations in jaw movement, which can affect their ability to eat properly. Prioritizing education on promoting adequate nutrition will help ensure the client's nutritional needs are met during the recovery period.
5. On what basis does the U.S. healthcare system operate?
- A. Healthcare is a basic right provided to all equally.
- B. Ability to pay determines access to care.
- C. Only the rich are entitled to healthcare.
- D. Health insurance is required to obtain care.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. In the U.S., the healthcare system operates on a model where access to healthcare services is largely determined by an individual's ability to pay for care. This means that those with more financial resources have greater access to a wider range of healthcare services, while those with limited financial means may face barriers to accessing necessary care. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because healthcare in the U.S. is not universally provided as a basic right to all equally, it is not exclusively for the rich, and while health insurance is common, it is not the sole determinant of access to care.
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