ATI LPN
PN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment 2020 B
1. A community health nurse is reviewing primary prevention for West Nile virus with a group of patients in a rural health clinic. What instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Eliminate areas of standing water.
- B. Wear a mask when outdoors.
- C. Ensure food is cooked thoroughly.
- D. Avoid contact with sick individuals.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Eliminate areas of standing water.' Standing water provides breeding grounds for mosquitoes, which spread West Nile virus. By eliminating standing water, individuals can reduce the risk of mosquito breeding and the transmission of the virus. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Wearing a mask when outdoors, ensuring food is cooked thoroughly, and avoiding contact with sick individuals are not directly related to primary prevention strategies for West Nile virus.
2. Upon assessing a newborn immediately after delivery, you note that the infant is breathing spontaneously and has a heart rate of 80 beats/min. What is the MOST appropriate initial management for this newborn?
- A. Assess the newborn's skin condition and color.
- B. Initiate positive-pressure ventilations.
- C. Start chest compressions and contact medical control.
- D. Provide blow-by oxygen with oxygen tubing.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In a newborn with a heart rate below 100 beats/min, the most appropriate initial management is to initiate positive-pressure ventilations. This helps support the newborn's respiratory effort and oxygenation in the setting of a low heart rate, ensuring adequate oxygen supply to vital organs. Assessing the skin condition and color, starting chest compressions, or providing blow-by oxygen are not the priority in this scenario where respiratory support is crucial.
3. A healthcare provider is assessing a client who has fluid volume excess. Which of the following findings should the healthcare provider expect?
- A. Hypotension
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Crackles in the lungs
- D. Dry mucous membranes
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Crackles in the lungs are indicative of fluid accumulation in the alveoli, which is a characteristic finding in clients with fluid volume excess. The crackling sound occurs due to the presence of excess fluid in the lungs, impairing normal ventilation and gas exchange. Monitoring for crackles is essential for early detection and management of fluid overload in clients. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because in fluid volume excess, hypervolemia leads to increased blood pressure (not hypotension), compensatory tachycardia (not bradycardia), and moist mucous membranes (not dry).
4. A client who is immobile needs interventions to prevent contractures. Which of the following interventions is appropriate?
- A. Aligning a trochanter wedge between the client's legs.
- B. Placing a towel roll under the client's neck.
- C. Applying an orthotic to the client's foot.
- D. Positioning a pillow under the client's knees.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Applying an orthotic to the client's foot is the appropriate intervention to prevent contractures in an immobile client. An orthotic helps maintain proper alignment and prevents the development of contractures by keeping the foot in the correct position. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because a trochanter wedge, towel roll under the neck, and pillow under the knees are not specific interventions for preventing contractures in an immobile client.
5. A client with osteoporosis is being taught by a nurse about dietary changes. Which of the following food choices should the nurse recommend to promote bone health?
- A. Leafy green vegetables
- B. Red meat
- C. Fortified orange juice
- D. Whole grains
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fortified orange juice. Fortified orange juice is often supplemented with calcium and vitamin D, both of which are essential for bone health and the prevention of osteoporosis. Leafy green vegetables (choice A) are good for overall health but may not provide sufficient calcium for bone health. Red meat (choice B) is a source of protein but is not a primary source of calcium. Whole grains (choice D) are beneficial for fiber intake but do not contain significant amounts of calcium or vitamin D necessary for bone health.
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