ATI LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020
1. A client with diabetes is experiencing hyperglycemia. What is the nurse's priority?
- A. Administer insulin
- B. Encourage the client to exercise to lower blood glucose
- C. Encourage the client to drink water
- D. Administer glucagon
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to administer insulin. In hyperglycemia, there is an excess of glucose in the blood, which needs to be lowered. Insulin is the primary medication used to lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells. Encouraging the client to exercise may further increase blood glucose levels due to the release of stress hormones, so it is not the priority. While staying hydrated is important, it will not directly address the high blood glucose levels seen in hyperglycemia. Glucagon is used to treat severe hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia, so it is not the priority in this situation.
2. A healthcare provider is reviewing the medical records of a group of older adults (OA). The provider should identify that which of the following is a risk factor that places OA at an increased risk for developing infections?
- A. Improved circulation
- B. Increased immune function
- C. Lowered immune system function
- D. Dehydration
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Lowered immune system function.' As individuals age, their immune system tends to weaken, making them more susceptible to infections. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because improved circulation and increased immune function would typically reduce the risk of infections, while dehydration can impact overall health but is not directly related to immune system function in the context of infection risk.
3. During a teaching session with a client in labor, a nurse is explaining episiotomy. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. An episiotomy is a perineal incision made by the provider to facilitate delivery of the fetus
- B. A fourth-degree episiotomy extends into the rectal area and is not recommended
- C. An episiotomy is an incision made by the provider to facilitate delivery of the fetus
- D. A mediolateral episiotomy is preferred over a median episiotomy for most deliveries
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because an episiotomy is an intentional incision made by the healthcare provider to widen the vaginal opening during delivery. This procedure is performed to facilitate the birth of the baby and prevent uncontrolled tearing of the perineum. It is important for the nurse to educate the client on the purpose and implications of episiotomy to ensure informed decision-making and proper postpartum care. Choice A is incorrect because an episiotomy is not a perineal tear but a deliberate incision. Choice B is incorrect because a fourth-degree episiotomy extending into the rectal area is not a standard practice and can lead to complications. Choice D is incorrect because a mediolateral episiotomy is not universally considered easier to repair than a median episiotomy; the choice of incision type depends on the healthcare provider's preference and clinical situation.
4. A client is experiencing urinary incontinence, and a nurse is providing care. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client?
- A. Drink large amounts of water before bedtime
- B. Perform Kegel exercises regularly
- C. Limit fiber intake in the diet to avoid bowel irritation
- D. Increase intake of caffeinated and carbonated beverages
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct recommendation for a client experiencing urinary incontinence is to perform Kegel exercises regularly. These exercises help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, improving bladder control and reducing urinary incontinence. Option A is incorrect because drinking large amounts of water before bedtime can worsen urinary incontinence by increasing urine production. Option C is incorrect as fiber is important for bowel health and limiting it may not be beneficial for the client. Option D is incorrect as caffeinated and carbonated beverages can irritate the bladder and worsen urinary incontinence, so they should be avoided.
5. What theme of critical thinking is demonstrated when an individual decides to return to school to obtain a bachelor of science degree in nursing?
- A. Critical thinking involves both productive and positive activities.
- B. Critical thinking is a process, not an outcome.
- C. Manifestations of critical thinking vary based on the context in which they occur.
- D. Critical thinking is triggered by both positive and negative events.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The decision to return to school to obtain a bachelor of science degree in nursing can be triggered by various factors, both positive (like a desire for career advancement) and negative (like feeling limited without the degree). This decision reflects critical thinking as it involves a thoughtful evaluation of personal and professional goals, weighing potential benefits and consequences. Therefore, the theme of critical thinking demonstrated in this scenario is that critical thinking is triggered by both positive and negative events. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not specifically address the concept of critical thinking being influenced by positive and negative events as demonstrated in the scenario.
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