Nursing Elites

1. What is a common side effect of benzodiazepines prescribed for anxiety?

• A. Weight gain
• B. Insomnia
• C. Drowsiness
• D. Increased appetite

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Drowsiness. Benzodiazepines, commonly prescribed for anxiety, often cause drowsiness as a side effect due to their sedative properties. This can lead to impairments in cognitive and motor skills, making it important for individuals on these medications to exercise caution when performing tasks that require alertness, such as driving or operating machinery. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because weight gain, insomnia, and increased appetite are not typically associated with benzodiazepines; instead, drowsiness and sedation are more commonly reported side effects.

2. A patient with social anxiety disorder is starting cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Which statement by the nurse best explains the purpose of this therapy?

• A. CBT will help you understand and change your thought patterns.
• B. CBT will focus on exploring your childhood experiences.
• C. CBT will teach you relaxation techniques to use in social situations.
• D. CBT will help you avoid situations that cause anxiety.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a structured, short-term psychotherapy that aims to help patients identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors associated with anxiety. By understanding and altering these patterns, individuals can learn to manage and alleviate their symptoms effectively. Choice A is the correct answer as it accurately describes the purpose of CBT for social anxiety disorder. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. B is incorrect because while childhood experiences may be explored, the primary focus of CBT is on thought patterns and behaviors in the present. C is incorrect because although relaxation techniques may be a component of CBT, the primary goal is not just to teach relaxation but to address underlying cognitive and behavioral patterns. D is incorrect because the goal of CBT is not avoidance but rather to confront and manage anxiety-provoking situations.

3. What assessment findings would indicate lithium toxicity in a patient hospitalized for an acute manic episode?

• A. Shortness of breath, gastrointestinal distress, chronic cough
• B. Ataxia, severe hypotension, large volume of dilute urine
• C. Gastrointestinal distress, thirst, nystagmus
• D. Electroencephalographic changes, chest pain, dizziness

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In a patient suspected of lithium toxicity, the presence of ataxia, severe hypotension, and a large volume of dilute urine are key assessment findings. Ataxia is a sign of central nervous system involvement, severe hypotension indicates cardiovascular effects, and a large volume of dilute urine suggests renal impairment, all of which are commonly seen in severe lithium toxicity. Options A, C, and D do not align with typical signs of lithium toxicity.

4. What medication is frequently prescribed for patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

• A. Fluoxetine
• B. Sertraline
• C. Buspirone
• D. Diazepam

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Buspirone is a medication commonly prescribed for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) due to its effectiveness and lower risk of dependency compared to benzodiazepines like diazepam. While fluoxetine and sertraline are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) often used for various anxiety disorders, buspirone is specifically indicated for GAD.

5. A patient with schizophrenia is being educated about the significance of medication adherence. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding?

• A. I will take my medication only when I feel symptoms returning.
• B. I understand that taking my medication regularly is important to manage my symptoms.
• C. I can stop taking my medication once I feel better.
• D. I should take my medication on an as-needed basis.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because acknowledging the importance of consistently taking medication is crucial for effectively managing symptoms of schizophrenia. It is essential for patients with schizophrenia to adhere to their medication regimen to stabilize their condition and prevent symptom exacerbation. Waiting for symptoms to return before taking medication, stopping medication once feeling better, or taking medications on an as-needed basis are not recommended practices for managing schizophrenia effectively.

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