Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is performing postmortem care for a client prior to the arrival of the client's family for viewing of the body. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

• A. Apply moisturizing lotion to the skin
• B. Turn off the lights
• C. Remove all jewelry
• D. Gently close the client's eyelids

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct action the nurse should take is to gently close the client's eyelids. This is a respectful and common practice in postmortem care before allowing the family to view the body. Applying moisturizing lotion to the skin is unnecessary and may not be appropriate at this time. Turning off the lights might not be necessary and could impact the viewing environment for the family. While removing all jewelry is generally a good practice, it is not as crucial as gently closing the client's eyelids for postmortem care.

2. What are the risk factors for developing Type 2 diabetes?

• A. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet
• B. Age, gender, and family history
• C. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and hypertension
• D. Frequent exercise and low-carbohydrate diet

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet are established risk factors for developing Type 2 diabetes. Obesity puts extra pressure on the body's ability to properly control blood sugar levels. A sedentary lifestyle contributes to weight gain and insulin resistance. Poor diet, especially one high in processed foods and sugary beverages, can also increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because age, gender, family history, smoking, alcohol consumption, and hypertension can impact overall health but are not the primary risk factors for Type 2 diabetes.

3. What are the nursing considerations for a patient receiving anticoagulant therapy?

• A. Monitor INR levels and check for bleeding
• B. Educate patient on dietary restrictions
• C. Ensure adequate hydration and nutrition
• D. Ensure that the patient remains immobile

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Monitor INR levels and check for bleeding.' When a patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy, nurses must monitor the patient's INR levels to ensure that the anticoagulants are within the therapeutic range and also watch for signs of bleeding, which is a common side effect of anticoagulants. Option B is incorrect because while patient education is important, dietary restrictions are not a direct nursing consideration when administering anticoagulant therapy. Option C is not a specific nursing consideration related to anticoagulant therapy. Option D is incorrect as keeping the patient immobile is not a standard nursing practice for patients on anticoagulant therapy, as mobility is often encouraged to prevent complications like deep vein thrombosis.

4. Which of the following interventions is most appropriate for a client with a pressure ulcer who has a low albumin level?

• A. Increase protein intake to improve healing
• B. Consult with a dietitian to create a high-protein diet
• C. Provide nutritional supplements
• D. Increase IV fluid intake to improve hydration

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Consulting with a dietitian to create a high-protein diet is the most appropriate intervention for a client with a pressure ulcer and low albumin level. This intervention can help address the client's poor nutritional status, support wound healing, and specifically target the low albumin level. Increasing protein intake alone (Choice A) may not be sufficient without proper guidance. Providing nutritional supplements (Choice C) can be beneficial but consulting with a dietitian for a personalized plan is more effective in this case. Increasing IV fluid intake (Choice D) primarily targets hydration and may not directly address the underlying issue of low albumin and poor nutritional status.

5. What is the most appropriate response when a client wants to discontinue dialysis?

• A. Ask the client why they want to discontinue.
• B. Instruct the client to focus on self-care.
• C. Offer to call the provider to cancel dialysis.
• D. Seek clarification and establish understanding.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When a client expresses the desire to discontinue dialysis, the most appropriate response is to seek clarification and establish understanding. This approach allows the healthcare provider to comprehend the client's concerns, provide support, and engage in a collaborative decision-making process. Choice A, asking the client why they want to discontinue, can be perceived as confrontational and may not effectively address the underlying reasons. Instructing the client to focus on self-care (Choice B) may overlook the client's autonomy and decision-making capacity. Offering to call the provider to cancel dialysis (Choice C) does not actively involve the client in the decision-making process or address their concerns adequately.

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