Nursing Elites

1. A high blood cholesterol level appears to be associated with the development of:

• A. chronic kidney disease.
• B. coronary heart disease.
• C. Alzheimer’s disease.
• D. Addison’s disease.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A high blood cholesterol level is associated with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. Elevated cholesterol levels can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as high blood cholesterol is not primarily linked to chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer’s disease, or Addison’s disease.

2. Why are diets that contain less than 10% of kcalories as fat not recommended?

• A. Intake of carbohydrates would not necessarily be too high.
• B. This would not necessarily require excessive use of fat replacers.
• C. The diet would not provide adequate essential fatty acids.
• D. Intake of essential fatty acids would be too low.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Diets that contain less than 10% of kcalories as fat are not recommended because they would lead to inadequate intake of essential fatty acids, which are crucial for various bodily functions like hormone production, brain function, and cell membrane structure. Option A is incorrect because reducing fat intake does not necessarily mean increasing carbohydrate intake excessively. Option B is incorrect as it introduces a new concept of using fat replacers, which is not directly related to the issue of essential fatty acid intake. Option C is incorrect as the primary concern with low-fat diets is the insufficiency of essential fatty acids, not the adequacy of them.

3. In addition to poor eating habits, a factor that often contributes to marginal nutritional status is:

• A. dependence on caffeine.
• B. acute illness.
• C. low income.
• D. size of the family unit.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Low income is a significant factor contributing to marginal nutritional status due to limited access to nutritious food. While dependence on caffeine or acute illness can impact health, they are not as directly linked to marginal nutrition as low income. The size of the family unit may affect food distribution within the household but is not as directly related to marginal nutritional status as low income.

4. The lining of the stomach and intestine is protected from self-digestion by:

• A. pepsinogen.
• B. bile.
• C. mucus.
• D. fat.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: mucus. Mucus forms a protective barrier that prevents the stomach and intestine from digesting themselves. Pepsinogen (choice A) is an inactive form of pepsin, a digestive enzyme, and does not protect the stomach lining. Bile (choice B) aids in the digestion and absorption of fats but does not protect the stomach lining. Fat (choice D) is a nutrient and energy source; it does not play a role in protecting the stomach and intestine from self-digestion.

5. Individual nutrients are characterized by their ability to:

• A. work independently.
• B. fulfill specific metabolic roles.
• C. influence weight loss.
• D. improve mental status.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'fulfill specific metabolic roles.' Nutrients play essential roles in specific metabolic processes in the body such as energy production, tissue repair, and growth. Choice A, 'work independently,' is incorrect as nutrients often work synergistically rather than alone. Choice C, 'influence weight loss,' is incorrect as while some nutrients may support weight loss indirectly through metabolic processes, it is not their primary characteristic. Choice D, 'improve mental status,' is also incorrect as while some nutrients are important for brain health, their primary role is not specifically to improve mental status.

Similar Questions