Nursing Elites

1. A high blood cholesterol level appears to be associated with the development of:

• A. chronic kidney disease.
• B. coronary heart disease.
• C. Alzheimer’s disease.
• D. Addison’s disease.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A high blood cholesterol level is associated with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. Elevated cholesterol levels can lead to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as high blood cholesterol is not primarily linked to chronic kidney disease, Alzheimer’s disease, or Addison’s disease.

2. In addition to protein, which nutrients contribute to the building and repair of tissue?

• A. Vitamins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Fats
• D. Enzymes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamins. Vitamins play a crucial role in tissue building and repair along with protein. Carbohydrates (choice B) are primarily a source of energy and not directly involved in tissue building. Fats (choice C) are important for energy storage and insulation but are not the main contributors to tissue building. Enzymes (choice D) are biological catalysts and do not directly contribute to tissue building and repair.

3. In which health problem is protein catabolism increased?

• A. severe burns
• B. severe obesity
• C. hypothyroidism
• D. food allergies

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Protein catabolism increases in conditions like severe burns because the body breaks down muscle protein to provide energy for healing. Severe obesity does not necessarily increase protein catabolism; instead, it is more related to excessive fat accumulation. Hypothyroidism may lead to a decrease in metabolic rate but does not directly increase protein catabolism. Food allergies trigger an immune response to specific foods but do not directly impact protein catabolism.

4. Nutrients interact in the body to regulate metabolic processes, build and repair tissue, and to:

• A. provide energy.
• B. control cellular wastes.
• C. control hormone levels.
• D. regulate absorption.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: provide energy. Nutrients play a crucial role in providing energy for the body's various functions. While they do help in regulating metabolic processes and in building and repairing tissue, the primary function related to energy production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as nutrients are not primarily responsible for controlling cellular wastes, hormone levels, or absorption.

5. What is the function of chylomicrons?

• A. Produced in the hepatic system.
• B. Composed of triglycerides and cholesterol only.
• C. Absorbed in the large intestine.
• D. Cleared from the blood by lipoprotein lipase.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Chylomicrons are particles that transport dietary fats from the small intestine to cells in the body. They are cleared from the bloodstream by lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides in chylomicrons into fatty acids and glycerol. This process allows fats to be absorbed by the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because chylomicrons are not formed in the hepatic system, they are composed of various lipids including triglycerides and cholesterol, and they are absorbed in the small intestine, not the large intestine.

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