Nursing Elites

1. A 6-year-old child is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. An immediate priority in this child's nursing care would be:

• A. Elimination
• B. Exercise
• C. Nutrition
• D. Rest

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Rest is crucial for recovery in a child with pneumonia as it allows the body to focus its energy on fighting the infection and promoting healing. Adequate rest helps reduce the workload on the lungs, promotes oxygenation, and supports the immune system's response to combat the infection. It is essential to prioritize rest to facilitate a faster recovery and prevent complications in children with pneumonia.

2. The client is being taught about perineal care postpartum. Which instruction should the client receive?

• A. Use ice packs to reduce swelling for the first 24 hours.
• B. Apply heat packs immediately after birth to reduce pain.
• C. Avoid using a peri-bottle to cleanse the perineum.
• D. Use tampons to absorb lochia discharge.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction for the client postpartum is to use ice packs to reduce swelling for the first 24 hours. This helps alleviate discomfort and promote healing. Applying heat packs immediately after birth is not recommended as they can increase swelling. A peri-bottle is advised for cleansing the perineum, not to be avoided. Tampons should not be used to absorb lochia discharge as they can increase the risk of infection. Therefore, the use of ice packs is the most appropriate and beneficial instruction for perineal care postpartum.

3. Are most children with hypertension asymptomatic?

• A. TRUE
• B. FALSE
• C.
• D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement is true. In many cases, children with hypertension do not show any symptoms, making it challenging to diagnose them. Regular blood pressure checks are crucial to detect hypertension early, as it can have serious health implications if left untreated. Choice B is incorrect because most children with hypertension do not exhibit symptoms, hence being asymptomatic. Choices C and D are empty as they do not provide additional options.

4. You and your partner are performing CPR on a 2-year-old female in cardiac arrest. During your resuscitation attempt, you should:

• A. hyperventilate her due to severe hypoxia.
• B. attach the AED pads after 5 minutes of high-quality CPR.
• C. perform compressions and ventilations at a ratio of 30:2.
• D. allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Allowing the chest to fully recoil between compressions is crucial during CPR to ensure proper blood flow. This action allows the heart to refill with blood, enhancing the effectiveness of compressions and circulation. Hyperventilating the patient can lead to decreased cardiac output and is not recommended. Attaching AED pads should be done as soon as possible in a pediatric cardiac arrest situation, ideally within 2 minutes. The correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for pediatric CPR is 30:2, focusing on high-quality compressions to provide adequate perfusion to vital organs.

5. When drawing blood from the diabetic patient for a glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c) test, the nurse explains to the woman that the test is used to determine:

• A. The highest glucose level in the past week.
• B. Her insulin levels.
• C. Glucose levels over the past three months.
• D. Her usual fasting glucose level.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c) test reflects the average blood sugar levels over the past three months. It provides a more comprehensive view of the individual's glucose control compared to a single point-in-time measurement like a fasting glucose level or the highest glucose level in the past week. Choice A is incorrect because it focuses on a single high glucose level rather than the overall control over a period. Choice B is incorrect as HBA1c is not a test for insulin levels. Choice D is incorrect as the HBA1c test does not reflect a single fasting glucose level but rather an average over a more extended period.

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