Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of lactose intolerance?

• A. Gas
• B. Bloating
• C. Diarrhea
• D. Nausea

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A) Gas: Gas is a common symptom of lactose intolerance. When lactose is not properly digested, it can ferment in the colon, leading to the production of gas. B) Bloating: Bloating is another common symptom of lactose intolerance. The buildup of gas in the digestive system can cause bloating and discomfort. C) Diarrhea: Diarrhea is a common symptom of lactose intolerance. When lactose is not broken down in the small intestine, it can draw excess water into the colon, resulting in diarrhea. D) Nausea: Nausea is not a common symptom of lactose intolerance. While some individuals may experience mild stomach discomfort or cramps, nausea is not typically associated with lactose intolerance.

2. Which blood vessels are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body?

• A. Veins
• B. Arteries
• C. Capillaries
• D. Venules

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Arteries are the blood vessels responsible for carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body. Their thick, muscular walls allow them to withstand high pressure and efficiently transport blood to various tissues and organs throughout the body. Veins (choice A) carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, capillaries (choice C) facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and tissues, and venules (choice D) are small blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and gradually converge into veins.

3. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a chemical reaction?

• A. Formation of new substances
• B. Release or absorption of energy
• C. Change in color
• D. Change in temperature

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A change in color is not always a characteristic of a chemical reaction. While some chemical reactions may result in a change in color, it is not a universal characteristic of all chemical reactions. The formation of new substances, release or absorption of energy, and change in temperature are commonly associated with chemical reactions. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as it does not always occur in every chemical reaction.

4. What enzymes do lysosomes contain, leading to their nickname as the cell's 'suicide bags'?

• A. Hydrolytic enzymes
• B. Ligases (bonding enzymes)
• C. Transferases (molecule transfer)
• D. Oxidoreductases (redox reactions)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Lysosomes are organelles filled with hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. These enzymes aid in digesting cellular waste and foreign substances, hence the term 'suicide bags' due to their involvement in cell degradation and recycling. Ligases are enzymes that catalyze the joining of two large molecules by forming a new chemical bond, not present in lysosomes. Transferases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of functional groups from one molecule to another, not found in lysosomes. Oxidoreductases are enzymes involved in oxidation-reduction reactions, which are not the primary function of lysosomes.

5. Which part of the male reproductive system is responsible for producing seminal fluid?

• A. Bladder
• B. Urethra
• C. Prostate gland
• D. Kidney

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the prostate gland (Choice C). The prostate gland, located near the bladder, is responsible for producing seminal fluid. This fluid, along with sperm from the testes, makes up semen. The bladder stores urine, the urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body, and the kidney filters waste from the blood to produce urine. The prostate gland's specific function is to secrete a milky, alkaline fluid that mixes with sperm during ejaculation to form semen. This fluid helps nourish and protect the sperm, aiding in their motility and viability. Therefore, the prostate gland plays a crucial role in male reproductive function by contributing to the composition and quality of semen, essential for fertility.

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