ATI TEAS 7
ATI TEAS Practice Test Science
1. Which of the following structures is found in the nucleus of a cell?
- A. Mitochondria
- B. Endoplasmic reticulum
- C. Chromosomes
- D. Ribosomes
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Chromosomes, which contain genetic information, are found in the nucleus of a cell. They play a crucial role in cell division, gene expression, and inheritance. Mitochondria, responsible for energy production, are located in the cytoplasm, not the nucleus. The endoplasmic reticulum is mainly involved in protein and lipid synthesis and is not a component of the nucleus. Ribosomes, essential for protein synthesis, are found in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum, but not in the nucleus.
2. Which of the following is an effect of high blood pressure?
- A. Smoking
- B. Excessive dietary salt
- C. Renal vessel damage
- D. Older age
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Renal vessel damage. High blood pressure can lead to damage in blood vessels throughout the body, including the kidneys. When blood vessels in the kidneys are affected, it can impair kidney function and potentially lead to kidney disease. Smoking (Choice A) and excessive dietary salt (Choice B) can contribute to high blood pressure but are not direct effects of high blood pressure itself. Older age (Choice D) is a risk factor for developing high blood pressure but is not a direct effect of high blood pressure.
3. Which of the following glands produces growth hormone?
- A. Pituitary
- B. Thyroid
- C. Adrenal
- D. Pancreas
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pituitary. The pituitary gland, also known as the master gland, produces growth hormone, which plays a crucial role in stimulating growth and cell reproduction. Choice B, the thyroid gland, primarily produces hormones that regulate metabolism, not growth hormone. Choice C, the adrenal glands, produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, but not growth hormone. Choice D, the pancreas, produces insulin and glucagon for regulating blood sugar levels, not growth hormone.
4. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for adding a nucleotide to a growing DNA chain?
- A. Helicase
- B. Ligase
- C. Nuclease
- D. Polymerase
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is Polymerase. Polymerase is the enzyme responsible for adding nucleotides to a growing DNA chain during DNA replication. Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix to separate the DNA strands for replication, Ligase joins DNA fragments together by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds between them, and Nuclease cuts or degrades DNA strands. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of adding nucleotides to a growing DNA chain.
5. Which type of blood cell is responsible for clotting?
- A. Red blood cells
- B. Platelets
- C. White blood cells
- D. Plasma
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Platelets are responsible for blood clotting. They help prevent excessive bleeding by forming clots at the site of blood vessel injuries. Platelets release chemicals that initiate the clotting process, leading to the formation of a stable clot that stops bleeding. Red blood cells are primarily responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body and do not play a direct role in clotting. White blood cells are part of the immune system, fighting off infections and foreign invaders. Plasma is the liquid component of blood that carries various substances such as nutrients, hormones, and waste products, but it is not directly involved in clotting.
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