ATI TEAS 7
TEAS Test 7 science
1. Which of the following terms refers to the abnormal sound heard during a stethoscope examination, potentially indicating a heart valve issue?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Heart murmur
- D. Arrhythmia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A heart murmur is an abnormal sound heard during a stethoscope examination of the heart. It can indicate issues with the heart valves, such as stenosis or regurgitation. Tachycardia refers to a fast heart rate, bradycardia refers to a slow heart rate, and arrhythmia refers to an irregular heart rhythm. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Heart murmur,' as it specifically relates to the abnormal sound heard during a stethoscope examination that may signal a heart valve issue.
2. Which type of muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and intestines, and is responsible for involuntary contractions to propel substances through the organs?
- A. Cardiac muscle
- B. Smooth muscle
- C. Skeletal muscle
- D. Striated muscle
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Smooth muscle is the correct answer. It is found in the walls of hollow organs like the stomach and intestines, where it performs involuntary contractions to move substances through these organs. Cardiac muscle, found in the heart, is responsible for pumping blood. Skeletal muscle is attached to bones and involved in voluntary movements. Striated muscle is a term often used interchangeably with skeletal muscle, which is responsible for voluntary movements but not typically found in the walls of hollow organs like the stomach and intestines.
3. Through which part of the digestive system are nutrients absorbed into the bloodstream?
- A. Stomach
- B. Large intestine
- C. Small intestine
- D. Esophagus
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site of nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It is where the majority of digestion and absorption of nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats occurs. The inner lining of the small intestine is covered in tiny finger-like projections called villi, which increase the surface area available for absorption. Nutrients are absorbed through the walls of the small intestine and into the bloodstream to be transported to cells throughout the body. The stomach's main role is to break down food through the action of stomach acids and enzymes but does not absorb nutrients. The large intestine primarily absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining indigestible food matter, and the esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach, without being involved in nutrient absorption.
4. Describe the mechanism by which genes are transmitted from parents to offspring.
- A. Blending of parental genes, resulting in an average of their traits.
- B. Random assortment of alleles during meiosis, leading to unique combinations in each offspring.
- C. Inheritance of solely dominant alleles, masking the influence of recessive ones.
- D. Direct transfer of both parental genomes, creating identical copies of the parents.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A) Blending of parental genes, resulting in an average of their traits, is not an accurate description of how genes are transmitted. In reality, genes are not blended but rather passed down in discrete units. B) Random assortment of alleles during meiosis is the correct mechanism by which genes are transmitted from parents to offspring. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate, and alleles are randomly distributed to the gametes, leading to unique combinations of genes in each offspring. C) Inheritance of solely dominant alleles, masking the influence of recessive ones, is not an accurate representation of gene transmission. Offspring inherit alleles from both parents, and the expression of dominant or recessive traits depends on the specific combination of alleles. D) Direct transfer of both parental genomes, creating identical copies of the parents, is not how genes are transmitted. Offspring inherit a unique combination
5. The small intestine is where most of the chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur. What is the finger-like projection in the small intestine that increases its surface area for absorption?
- A. Rugae
- B. Villi
- C. Microvilli
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Microvilli are the finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase its surface area for absorption. Villi are also present in the small intestine and help increase the surface area for absorption. However, microvilli are smaller structures found on the surface of villi, further increasing the surface area available for nutrient absorption. Rugae are folds in the stomach that allow for expansion when food is consumed and are not found in the small intestine. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Microvilli. Villi and microvilli are specific to the small intestine, playing vital roles in nutrient absorption, while rugae are specific to the stomach's structure and function, serving a different purpose than increasing surface area for absorption.
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