ATI TEAS 7
TEAS 7 science practice
1. Which gland, often referred to as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system and located at the base of the brain, secretes various hormones that control other glands?
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Adrenal gland
- D. Pancreas
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The pituitary gland is correctly known as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system. It is situated at the base of the brain and plays a crucial role in secreting a variety of hormones that regulate the functions of other endocrine glands in the body. These hormones control growth, metabolism, reproduction, and various other essential bodily functions. The other choices, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and pancreas, are incorrect as they do not serve as the 'master gland' of the endocrine system nor are located at the base of the brain like the pituitary gland.
2. What type of muscle tissue is responsible for causing the hair follicles to stand on end when you get a goosebump?
- A. Skeletal muscle
- B. Smooth muscle
- C. Cardiac muscle
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Smooth muscle is responsible for causing the hair follicles to stand on end when you get a goosebump. This type of muscle tissue is found in the skin attached to hair follicles and contracts in response to stimuli such as cold or fear, causing the hair to stand up. Skeletal muscle is responsible for voluntary movements, and cardiac muscle is found in the heart and is not directly involved in causing goosebumps. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the specific type of muscle tissue responsible for this physiological response.
3. During which stage of meiosis II are sister chromatids separated, resulting in four genetically unique daughter cells?
- A. Prophase I
- B. Prophase II
- C. Anaphase I
- D. Anaphase II
Correct answer: D
Rationale: - Prophase I occurs in meiosis I, not meiosis II. During Prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material in a process called crossing over. - Prophase II is the stage where the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers start to reappear, preparing the cell for division. Sister chromatids are still attached during Prophase II. - Anaphase I is the stage in meiosis I where homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell. - Anaphase II is the stage in meiosis II where sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell, resulting in four genetically unique daughter cells. This is the stage where the final separation of genetic material occurs, leading to the formation of haploid daughter cells.
4. What is the outermost layer of the dermis, rich in collagen and elastin fibers that provide elasticity to the skin?
- A. Papillary layer
- B. Reticular layer
- C. Stratum basale
- D. Stratum corneum
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the reticular layer. This layer is the outermost layer of the dermis that contains abundant collagen and elastin fibers, providing elasticity to the skin. The papillary layer is located beneath the epidermis and is responsible for supplying nutrients to the epidermis, not the outermost layer. The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are produced, not part of the dermis. The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis composed of dead skin cells, not a layer of the dermis.
5. What is the term for a hydrocarbon chain with no double or triple bonds between carbon atoms?
- A. Saturated
- B. Unsaturated
- C. Aromatic
- D. Alkene
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A saturated hydrocarbon chain contains only single bonds between carbon atoms, making it 'saturated' with hydrogen atoms. Therefore, the correct answer is choice A, 'Saturated.' Choice B, 'Unsaturated,' is incorrect because it refers to hydrocarbon chains with double or triple bonds. Choice C, 'Aromatic,' is not the correct term for a hydrocarbon chain without double or triple bonds; it describes a specific type of cyclic and conjugated hydrocarbon structure. Choice D, 'Alkene,' is also incorrect as it specifically indicates a hydrocarbon chain with at least one double bond between carbon atoms.
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