ATI TEAS 7
TEAS 7 Science Practice Test
1. Which of the following choices would contain the code for making a protein?
- A. mRNA
- B. tRNA
- C. rRNA
- D. DNA polymerase
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: mRNA (messenger RNA). mRNA contains the genetic code or instructions for making a protein. During protein synthesis, mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. The sequence of nucleotides in mRNA corresponds to the sequence of amino acids that will be used to build the protein. Choice B, tRNA (transfer RNA), is involved in carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis but does not contain the code for making a protein. Choice C, rRNA (ribosomal RNA), is a component of ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs but does not contain the specific code for making a protein. Choice D, DNA polymerase, is an enzyme involved in DNA replication, not in directly coding for protein synthesis.
2. Which of the following biological macromolecules is non-soluble, composed of hydrocarbons, and acts as an important source of energy storage for the body?
- A. carbohydrates
- B. nucleic acids
- C. lipids
- D. proteins
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Lipids are non-soluble biological macromolecules composed mostly of hydrocarbons such as fatty acids. They act as an essential source of energy storage for the body, providing efficient storage of energy in the form of fats. Carbohydrates are also an energy source for the body, but lipids excel in long-term energy storage. Nucleic acids are not known for energy storage; instead, they are involved in genetic information transmission and protein synthesis. Proteins play diverse roles in the body, such as enzymatic functions, structural support, and immune response, but they are not primarily known as a source of energy storage.
3. In which regions of the digestive system is amylase produced?
- A. pancreas and salivary glands
- B. gall bladder and salivary glands
- C. gall bladder and liver
- D. pancreas and liver
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates into smaller sugars. It is produced in the pancreas and salivary glands. The salivary glands release amylase into the mouth during chewing, where it initiates the breakdown of carbohydrates. The pancreas also secretes amylase into the small intestine to further assist in carbohydrate digestion. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the gall bladder does not produce amylase, and the liver's primary function is not the production of amylase for carbohydrate breakdown.
4. What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
- A. to create sound and speech
- B. to take oxygen into the body while removing carbon dioxide
- C. to transport nutrients to the cells and tissue of the body
- D. to act as a barrier between the body’s organs and outside influences
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the respiratory system is to take oxygen into the body through inhalation and remove carbon dioxide through exhalation. Oxygen is essential for cellular respiration and energy production, while carbon dioxide is a waste product that needs to be expelled from the body. This process is vital for the functioning of the body's cells and tissues. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because sound and speech production, nutrient transport, and acting as a barrier against outside influences are not the primary functions of the respiratory system. While the respiratory system is involved in speech production to some extent, its primary role is in gas exchange for respiration.
5. Water is capable of dissolving many substances that organisms need to carry out life functions. Which of the properties of water listed below is responsible for its ability to dissolve important nutrients like ionic salt compounds?
- A. adhesion
- B. cohesion
- C. high specific heat
- D. high polarity
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The property of water that is responsible for its ability to dissolve important nutrients like ionic salt compounds is its high polarity. Water is a polar molecule with a positive and negative end, which allows it to attract and surround individual ions from salt compounds, causing them to dissociate and dissolve in water. This property makes water an excellent solvent for various substances necessary for life functions. Adhesion refers to the ability of water molecules to stick to other substances, cohesion is the attraction between water molecules themselves, and high specific heat is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of water. While these properties are important characteristics of water, they are not directly responsible for its ability to dissolve ionic salt compounds.
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