ATI TEAS 7
TEAS 7 science study guide free
1. Which hormone stimulates the release of calcium from bones and increases blood calcium levels?
- A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
- B. Calcitonin
- C. Growth hormone
- D. Testosterone
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is the correct answer. PTH stimulates the release of calcium from bones, leading to increased blood calcium levels. It acts on the bones to release calcium into the bloodstream, facilitates the kidneys' reabsorption of calcium, and triggers vitamin D activation to boost calcium absorption from the intestines. Choice B, Calcitonin, is incorrect as it works in opposition to PTH by decreasing blood calcium levels through inhibiting calcium release from bones. Choices C and D, Growth hormone and Testosterone, are not directly involved in calcium homeostasis and do not regulate blood calcium levels through bone calcium release mechanisms.
2. What is the scientific term for the study of genes and their role in disease?
- A. Molecular biology
- B. Biochemistry
- C. Evolutionary biology
- D. Genomic medicine
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Genomic medicine is the scientific discipline that specifically focuses on the study of genes and their involvement in disease processes. It seeks to understand how variations in an individual's genes can influence their predisposition to certain diseases or affect their response to treatment. This field plays a crucial role in personalized medicine by utilizing genetic information to tailor healthcare decisions and interventions to individual patients. Molecular biology, biochemistry, and evolutionary biology, while related to genetics in various ways, do not have the primary focus on the role of genes in disease as genomic medicine does.
3. What is the process of cells becoming specialized to perform specific functions called?
- A. Cell division
- B. Cell differentiation
- C. Cell growth
- D. Cell regeneration
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions. During differentiation, cells acquire specific structures and functions that allow them to carry out particular roles in the body. Cell division refers to the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Cell growth is the process by which cells increase in size and number. Cell regeneration is the process by which new cells are produced to replace damaged or lost cells in an organism. Therefore, in this context, the process of cells becoming specialized to perform specific functions is best described as cell differentiation.
4. What factors can contribute to edema, a condition characterized by swelling due to a buildup of lymph fluid?
- A. Regular exercise
- B. Maintaining a healthy weight
- C. Poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system
- D. Proper hydration
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Edema is caused by the accumulation of excess fluid in the body's tissues, leading to swelling. Poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system can contribute to the development of edema by impairing the body's ability to properly drain fluid. While regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and proper hydration are crucial for overall health, they are not direct causes of edema. Poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system disrupts the normal balance of fluid in the body, resulting in edema. Therefore, the correct factor that can contribute to edema is poor circulation or blockage in the lymphatic system.
5. What is the term for the transfer of energy through a food chain?
- A. Photosynthesis
- B. Cellular respiration
- C. Transpiration
- D. Trophic cascade
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: A) Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll. B) Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose and other molecules to produce energy in the form of ATP. C) Transpiration is the process by which water is absorbed by plant roots, moves through the plant, and is released as vapor through pores in the leaves. D) Trophic cascade refers to the transfer of energy through a food chain or food web, where the impact of a predator on its prey cascades down the food chain, affecting multiple trophic levels. This term describes the indirect effects that predators can have on lower trophic levels, influencing the entire ecosystem.
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