ATI TEAS 7
Practice TEAS Science Test
1. Which part of the nervous system controls the 'fight or flight' response?
- A. Central nervous system
- B. Peripheral nervous system
- C. Autonomic nervous system
- D. Sympathetic nervous system
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is the sympathetic nervous system. It controls the 'fight or flight' response by preparing the body for stressful situations. The central nervous system (Choice A) consists of the brain and spinal cord but does not directly control the 'fight or flight' response. The peripheral nervous system (Choice B) includes nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, while the autonomic nervous system (Choice C) regulates involuntary bodily functions but is not specific to the 'fight or flight' response.
2. What type of bond holds water molecules together?
- A. Covalent bond
- B. Hydrogen bond
- C. Ionic bond
- D. Peptide bond
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonds are responsible for holding water molecules together. In a water molecule, the oxygen atom is slightly negative, and the hydrogen atoms are slightly positive, creating a partial positive and negative charge. This polarity allows hydrogen bonds to form between adjacent water molecules. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons, ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons between ions, and peptide bonds are specific to linking amino acids in proteins, which are not relevant to water molecule interactions.
3. Which element is essential for the formation of hemoglobin?
- A. Calcium
- B. Iron
- C. Potassium
- D. Sodium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is Iron. Iron is essential for the formation of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that binds and transports oxygen throughout the body. Calcium (Choice A), Potassium (Choice C), and Sodium (Choice D) are not directly involved in the formation of hemoglobin and its oxygen-carrying function.
4. Which structure in the skin is responsible for producing oil that keeps the skin and hair moisturized?
- A. Sudoriferous gland
- B. Sebaceous gland
- C. Hair follicle
- D. Melanocyte
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sebaceous gland. Sebaceous glands are responsible for producing oil (sebum) that keeps the skin and hair moisturized. Sudoriferous glands produce sweat, not oil, and are involved in temperature regulation. Hair follicles are responsible for hair growth and do not produce oil directly. Melanocytes are cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color, and are not involved in oil production.
5. Which part of the brain controls breathing and heart rate?
- A. Cerebrum
- B. Medulla oblongata
- C. Thalamus
- D. Cerebellum
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The medulla oblongata is the correct answer because it is responsible for controlling involuntary functions such as breathing and heart rate. The cerebrum (Choice A) is primarily associated with higher brain functions like thinking and voluntary movements, not with regulating basic bodily functions like breathing and heart rate. The thalamus (Choice C) serves as a relay station for sensory information but is not directly involved in controlling breathing and heart rate. The cerebellum (Choice D) plays a role in coordination and balance, not in regulating respiratory and cardiac functions.
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