ATI TEAS 7
TEAS 7 science practice questions
1. After the Industrial Revolution, the population of peppered moths in England shifted towards more dark moths. This is an example of:
- A. Artificial selection (selective breeding by humans for desired traits)
- B. Natural selection acting on pre-existing variation
- C. Punctuated equilibrium (rapid bursts of evolution)
- D. Lamarckism (inheritance of acquired characteristics)
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The shift in the peppered moth population towards more dark moths in England after the Industrial Revolution exemplifies natural selection acting on pre-existing variation. Initially, light-colored moths were well-camouflaged against lichen-covered tree trunks, but with industrial pollution darkening the tree trunks, dark-colored moths gained a survival advantage. This change reflects how the environment favored dark moths over light ones, illustrating natural selection. The process illustrates how organisms with traits advantageous in a changing environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the prevalence of those traits in the population over time. The choices of artificial selection (A), punctuated equilibrium (C), and Lamarckism (D) are not applicable in this scenario. Artificial selection involves intentional breeding by humans, punctuated equilibrium refers to rapid bursts of evolution followed by periods of stability, and Lamarckism suggests the inheritance of acquired characteristics, none of which align with the observed shift in moth populations based on environmental changes.
2. What is the Doppler effect, and how does it explain the shift in frequency of sound waves perceived by an observer?
- A. It affects light waves, not sound waves.
- B. It's the change in wave speed due to medium density.
- C. It's the perceived change in frequency due to relative motion.
- D. It's the bending of waves due to different mediums.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The Doppler effect is the perceived change in frequency of a wave due to relative motion between the source of the wave and the observer. This phenomenon is commonly observed with sound waves, where the pitch of a sound appears higher as the source moves towards the observer and lower as the source moves away. Option A is incorrect as the Doppler effect primarily applies to sound waves, not light waves. Option B is incorrect because the Doppler effect is not about the change in wave speed due to medium density but rather a change in perceived frequency. Option D is incorrect as it describes wave bending due to different mediums, which is not the primary concept behind the Doppler effect. Therefore, option C accurately describes the Doppler effect and its application to the shift in frequency of sound waves perceived by an observer.
3. What is the term for a repetitive, involuntary muscle contraction that can cause pain and stiffness?
- A. Cramp
- B. Spasm
- C. Tic
- D. Fibrosis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A spasm is a repetitive, involuntary muscle contraction that can cause pain and stiffness. While cramps are a type of spasm, not all spasms are cramps. Tics are sudden, repetitive movements or sounds made involuntarily. Fibrosis refers to the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue as part of a reparative or reactive process. In this context, a spasm best fits the description provided, making it the correct answer. Cramp, although related to spasms, is more specific and not the general term being sought. Tic does not describe a muscle contraction but rather sudden movements or sounds. Fibrosis does not directly relate to muscle contractions but rather to the formation of excess fibrous tissue in organs or tissues.
4. What type of tissue is bone composed of?
- A. Epithelial tissue
- B. Connective tissue
- C. Hard connective tissue
- D. Muscle tissue
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Bone is composed of connective tissue. Connective tissues are characterized by having cells scattered within an extracellular matrix. In the case of bone, the extracellular matrix is mineralized, giving bone its hardness and strength. Choice A, epithelial tissue, is not correct as bone is not primarily composed of epithelial cells. Choice C, hard connective tissue, is not a recognized category of tissue in the scientific classification; bone is classified under connective tissue. Choice D, muscle tissue, is incorrect as bone and muscle tissues are distinct types of tissues with different structures and functions.
5. Which property of matter remains constant regardless of changes in its state?
- A. Mass
- B. Volume
- C. Density
- D. Weight
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Mass.' Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of changes in its state. When matter changes its state (solid, liquid, gas), its mass remains the same. On the other hand, volume can change with the shape the matter takes, density changes as the mass is distributed differently, and weight can vary with the gravitational pull. Therefore, mass is the property that remains constant irrespective of the state of matter, making it the correct choice in this scenario.
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