ATI TEAS 7
ATI TEAS Science Practice Test
1. What is the length of DNA that can code for a particular protein?
- A. Chromosome
- B. Nucleotide
- C. Gene
- D. Ribosome
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gene. A gene is a specific segment of DNA that contains the information necessary to produce a particular protein. Genes are responsible for coding proteins, and each gene carries the instructions for a specific protein. Chromosomes consist of many genes and are not a specific length that codes for a protein. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and are not a length that codes for a protein. Ribosomes are cellular organelles involved in protein synthesis and do not directly code for proteins.
2. How do efferent fibers exit the spinal cord?
- A. Through the anterior aspect
- B. Through the dorsal aspect
- C. Through the ventral aspect
- D. Through the lateral aspect
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Efferent fibers, which carry motor commands, exit the spinal cord through the ventral aspect, also known as the anterior aspect. The correct answer is C, 'Through the ventral aspect.' Efferent fibers exiting through the ventral aspect are responsible for carrying motor commands from the spinal cord to the muscles and glands. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Efferent fibers do not exit through the dorsal, lateral, or anterior aspects of the spinal cord.
3. Which of the following lists the structures found beneath the rib in descending order?
- A. Nerve → Artery → Vein
- B. Vein → Nerve → Artery
- C. Vein → Artery → Nerve
- D. Artery → Nerve → Vein
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct order of structures found beneath the rib in descending order is Vein → Artery → Nerve. This sequence is important to remember for medical procedures like inserting a chest tube to ensure precision and avoid complications. Choice A is incorrect because the nerve is not typically the structure closest to the rib. Choice B is incorrect as the vein is usually closer to the rib than the nerve. Choice D is incorrect as the artery is usually closer to the rib than the nerve.
4. Which feedback loop inhibits the stimulus or the deviation from homeostasis?
- A. Negative feedback loop
- B. Positive feedback loop
- C. Inhibitory feedback loop
- D. Stimulating feedback loop
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Negative feedback loop. Negative feedback loops work to inhibit the stimulus or reduce the deviation from a set point, maintaining homeostasis by counteracting any changes from the norm. In this case, the negative feedback loop acts to minimize any deviation from the body's internal balance, ensuring stability and optimal functioning. Choice B, a positive feedback loop, amplifies the stimulus or deviation, moving systems away from homeostasis. Choice C, an inhibitory feedback loop, is not a commonly recognized term in the context of feedback mechanisms. Choice D, a stimulating feedback loop, is not a standard term and does not accurately describe a feedback loop's role in maintaining homeostasis.
5. Which of the following is directly transcribed from DNA and represents the first step in protein synthesis?
- A. siRNA
- B. rRNA
- C. mRNA
- D. tRNA
Correct answer: C
Rationale: mRNA (messenger RNA) is directly transcribed from DNA in the nucleus during the process of transcription. It serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation in the cytoplasm. mRNA carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes, where it determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Thus, mRNA represents the first step in protein synthesis as it carries the code from the DNA to be translated into a protein. Choice A, siRNA (small interfering RNA), is involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing and does not play a role in protein synthesis. Choice B, rRNA (ribosomal RNA), is a component of the ribosome and plays a structural and functional role in protein synthesis but is not directly transcribed from DNA. Choice D, tRNA (transfer RNA), is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis but is not directly transcribed from DNA.
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