ATI TEAS 7
ATI TEAS Science Practice Test
1. Which of the following best describes eosinophils?
- A. A type of granulocyte that secretes histamine to stimulate the inflammatory response.
- B. The most abundant type of white blood cell that secretes substances toxic to pathogens.
- C. A type of granulocyte found under mucous membranes that defends against multicellular parasites.
- D. A circulating granulocyte with high phagocytic activity and aggressiveness.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Eosinophils are best described as a type of granulocyte found under mucous membranes that defends against multicellular parasites. They release toxic substances to combat parasitic infections and play a significant role in allergic reactions and asthma. Histamine secretion to stimulate inflammation is more characteristic of basophils, while high phagocytic activity and aggressiveness are features of neutrophils, not eosinophils. Describing eosinophils as the most abundant type of white blood cell that secretes toxic substances to pathogens is inaccurate since eosinophils specifically target multicellular parasites, not a broad range of pathogens.
2. Which three parts make up the large intestine?
- A. Duodenum, ileum, jejunum
- B. Cecum, colon, rectum
- C. Ileum, jejunum, rectum
- D. Colon, cecum, ileum
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cecum, colon, rectum. The large intestine is composed of the cecum, colon, and rectum. These parts are responsible for water absorption and feces formation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A contains parts of the small intestine (duodenum, ileum, jejunum), C has a mix of small and large intestine parts, and D includes the small intestine part ileum. Understanding the correct anatomy of the large intestine is essential for distinguishing it from the small intestine.
3. Which of the following are the abdominal quadrants?
- A. RUQ, RLQ, LLQ, LUQ
- B. RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
- C. LUQ, RUQ, LLQ, RLQ
- D. LLQ, LUQ, RUQ, RLQ
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ. The four abdominal quadrants are named as follows: Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ), Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ), Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ), and Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ). These quadrants are used in healthcare to describe specific areas of the abdomen during assessments and discussions related to abdominal anatomy and pathology. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the standard order of the abdominal quadrants.
4. What are the four types of cells in the gastric glands of the stomach mucosa?
- A. Endocrine, parietal, chief, mucous cells
- B. Parietal, mucous, goblet, endocrine cells
- C. Chief, parietal, goblet, lymphoid cells
- D. Goblet, lymphoid, parietal, chief cells
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Endocrine, parietal, chief, mucous cells. In the gastric glands of the stomach mucosa, the four types of cells are endocrine (producing hormones), parietal (secreting acid and intrinsic factor), chief (responsible for producing digestive enzymes), and mucous cells (providing protection to the stomach lining). These cells play essential roles in the digestive processes and maintaining the health of the stomach mucosa. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the types of cells found in the gastric glands of the stomach mucosa. Parietal cells secrete acid and intrinsic factor, chief cells produce digestive enzymes, and mucous cells provide protection, making these the correct choices in the context of gastric gland cellular composition.
5. Which type of reaction builds larger and more complex molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy?
- A. Catabolic reaction
- B. Anabolic reaction
- C. Exothermic reaction
- D. Hydrolytic reaction
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Anabolic reaction.' Anabolic reactions involve the synthesis of larger and more complex molecules from smaller ones, requiring an input of energy, often in the form of ATP. These reactions are essential for processes like growth, repair, and the building of cellular structures. Catabolic reactions, on the other hand, break down larger molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy. Exothermic reactions release heat, while hydrolytic reactions involve the breakdown of molecules with the addition of water. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not describe the process of building larger and more complex molecules from smaller ones with the requirement of energy.
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