Nursing Elites

1. What is the net ionic equation for the reaction: 2HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + BaCl2(aq)?

• A. 2H+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → 2H2O(l)
• B. 2HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
• C. 2H+(aq) + Ba2+(aq) → Ba2+(aq) + 2H+(aq)
• D. Ba(OH)2(aq) + HCl(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the given reaction, the complete ionic equation is: 2H+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + Ba2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → 2H2O(l) + Ba2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq). Spectator ions (Ba2+ and Cl-) do not participate in the net ionic equation, which simplifies to: 2H+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → 2H2O(l). This equation represents the significant species involved in the reaction, showcasing the formation of water from the combination of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions, resulting in the production of water molecules.

2. Which of the following describes a responsibility of the integumentary system?

• A. Distributing vital substances, such as nutrients, throughout the body.
• B. Blocking pathogens that cause disease.
• C. Sending leaked fluids from the cardiovascular system back to the blood vessels.
• D. Storing bodily hormones that influence gender traits.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct responsibility of the integumentary system is to act as a barrier that blocks pathogens from entering the body, thus helping to prevent diseases and infections. This function serves as the first line of defense for the body against external threats. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is a function of the circulatory system, not the integumentary system. Choice C relates to the lymphatic system, not the integumentary system. Choice D involves the endocrine system, not the integumentary system.

3. Where does fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occur?

• A. Ovary
• B. Fallopian tube
• C. Uterus
• D. Vagina

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Fertilization of the egg by sperm typically occurs in the fallopian tube. After ovulation, the egg is released from the ovary and travels through the fallopian tube, where it may encounter sperm for fertilization. The fallopian tube provides the ideal environment, including necessary nutrients and conditions, for fertilization to take place before the fertilized egg moves towards the uterus for implantation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because fertilization does not occur in the ovary, uterus, or vagina. The ovary releases the egg, the uterus is the site for implantation, and the vagina is part of the birth canal but not the typical site for fertilization.

4. What is the purpose of the periosteum, the tough outer layer of bone?

• A. Produces red blood cells
• B. Provides protection and nourishment to bone
• C. Forms the joint surface
• D. Stores minerals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The periosteum, the tough outer layer of bone, serves the purpose of providing protection to the bone and nourishing it through the blood vessels it contains. It acts as a protective layer for the bone structures. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the periosteum does not produce red blood cells (which is the function of bone marrow), form joint surfaces (which is typically the role of articular cartilage), or store minerals (which is primarily done by bone tissue itself and not the periosteum).

5. Which of the following structures plays a crucial role in controlling the cell cycle and preventing uncontrolled cell growth?

• A. The centrioles
• B. The nucleolus
• C. The Golgi apparatus
• D. The endoplasmic reticulum

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: The centrioles. Centrioles are cylindrical structures found in animal cells that are crucial in organizing the spindle fibers during cell division (mitosis). They play a vital role in separating chromosomes during cell division, ensuring each daughter cell receives the correct number of chromosomes. Additionally, centrioles are involved in the formation of cilia and flagella, essential for cell motility and sensory functions. The nucleolus is responsible for ribosome production, the Golgi apparatus processes and packages proteins, and the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. These structures do not have a direct role in controlling the cell cycle and preventing uncontrolled cell growth.

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