Nursing Elites

1. What is the net ionic equation for the reaction: 2HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → 2H2O(l) + BaCl2(aq)?

• A. 2H+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → 2H2O(l)
• B. 2HCl(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
• C. 2H+(aq) + Ba2+(aq) → Ba2+(aq) + 2H+(aq)
• D. Ba(OH)2(aq) + HCl(aq) → BaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In the given reaction, the complete ionic equation is: 2H+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + Ba2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → 2H2O(l) + Ba2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq). Spectator ions (Ba2+ and Cl-) do not participate in the net ionic equation, which simplifies to: 2H+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → 2H2O(l). This equation represents the significant species involved in the reaction, showcasing the formation of water from the combination of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions, resulting in the production of water molecules.

2. Which of the following is true regarding adipocytes?

• A. They are involved in the secretion of glucose.
• B. They are responsible for storing the fat found in adipose tissue.
• C. They are critical in the digestive breakdown of fat.
• D. They are the foundational element of muscles.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Adipocytes are responsible for storing the fat found in adipose tissue. These specialized cells store energy in the form of fat and play a key role in energy balance and metabolism. Adipocytes do not secrete glucose; that function is typically attributed to other cells like pancreatic beta cells. Adipocytes are not involved in the digestive breakdown of fat, as this process primarily occurs in the gastrointestinal system with the help of enzymes. Adipocytes are distinct from the foundational elements of muscles, which are primarily made up of muscle fibers and associated connective tissues.

3. When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes a(n):

• A. Molecule
• B. Isotope
• C. Ion
• D. Compound

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion. Gaining or losing electrons alters the atom's electron count and charge, creating a positively or negatively charged ion. A molecule is formed when two or more atoms are chemically bonded. An isotope is a variation of an element with a different number of neutrons. A compound consists of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

4. During a scientific investigation, what is intentionally changed or manipulated?

• A. The dependent variable.
• B. The control.
• C. The hypothesis.
• D. The independent variable.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During a scientific investigation, the independent variable is intentionally changed or manipulated by the researcher to observe its impact or effect on the dependent variable. The independent variable is the one being tested or studied to see how it influences the dependent variable. In contrast, the dependent variable is the outcome or response that is measured in an experiment and is expected to change as a result of the manipulation of the independent variable. Choices A, B, and C are not directly altered during a scientific investigation but play different roles in the research process. Therefore, the correct answer is D - the independent variable.

5. Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response?

• A. Somatic nervous system
• B. Parasympathetic nervous system
• C. Sympathetic nervous system
• D. Enteric nervous system

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the 'fight-or-flight' response, triggering the body's automatic response to a perceived threat or danger. This system initiates physiological changes like increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and the release of adrenaline, preparing the body to confront or escape the threat. The somatic nervous system (Choice A) controls voluntary movements, the parasympathetic nervous system (Choice B) is responsible for the 'rest and digest' response to promote relaxation and digestion, and the enteric nervous system (Choice D) regulates the gastrointestinal system. Therefore, they are not associated with the 'fight-or-flight' response.

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