Nursing Elites

1. How do vaccines work?

• A. By directly killing pathogens
• B. By introducing weakened or inactive versions of pathogens to trigger an immune response
• C. By stimulating the immediate production of specific antibodies
• D. None of the above

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Vaccines work by introducing weakened or inactive versions of pathogens to trigger an immune response in the body. This exposure helps the immune system recognize and remember the pathogen, enabling a faster and more effective response upon future exposure. Vaccines do not directly kill pathogens but prepare the immune system for a potential encounter, enhancing protection. They also do not stimulate the immediate production of specific antibodies as the immune response takes time to develop upon vaccination. Choice A is incorrect because vaccines do not kill pathogens directly; they prime the immune system to recognize and respond to them. Choice C is incorrect because while vaccines lead to the production of specific antibodies, it is not immediate, as it takes time for the immune response to develop and produce these antibodies.

2. What literary device is used in the phrase 'a heart of gold'?

• A. Metaphor
• B. Simile
• C. Hyperbole
• D. Personification

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Metaphor. A metaphor is a figure of speech that directly compares two unlike things by stating that one thing is another. In the phrase 'a heart of gold,' the good nature of a person is being directly compared to gold, indicating that the person is kind, valuable, and precious, much like gold. This comparison is not using 'like' or 'as,' which would make it a simile, but rather it is a direct assertion, making it a metaphor. Simile involves comparing two things using 'like' or 'as,' which is not present in this phrase. Hyperbole is an exaggeration, which is not the case here. Personification gives human qualities to non-human entities, which is also not occurring in 'a heart of gold.'

3. Which of the following numbers is the largest?

• A. 0.45
• B. 0.096
• C. 0.3
• D. 0.313

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Among the provided options, 0.45 is the largest number. To determine the largest number, compare the decimal values directly. 0.45 is greater than 0.313, 0.3, and 0.096. Therefore, 0.45 is the correct answer. Choice B (0.096) is the smallest as it has the lowest decimal value. Choice C (0.3) is greater than 0.096 but smaller than both 0.313 and 0.45. Choice D (0.313) is greater than 0.3 and 0.096 but smaller than 0.45, making it incorrect.

4. What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

• A. Protein synthesis
• B. DNA replication
• C. Cell division
• D. Lipid synthesis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Protein synthesis. Ribosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They read the messenger RNA (mRNA) and translate the genetic information into specific proteins. This process is essential for building and maintaining the structures and functions of the cell. Choice B, DNA replication, is incorrect because ribosomes are not involved in replicating DNA; that process occurs in the nucleus. Choice C, cell division, is incorrect as ribosomes are not directly involved in cell division but rather in protein synthesis. Choice D, lipid synthesis, is also incorrect as ribosomes are not responsible for synthesizing lipids, which primarily occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles.

5. Why are italics used in the sentence, 'Although Ben said he supported his coworkers, his actions suggested he did not condone their behavior'?

• A. to show a word is intentionally misspelled
• B. to indicate a word in a foreign language
• C. to emphasize a contrast
• D. to reference a footnote

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Italics are often used in writing to draw attention to specific words or phrases, especially in cases where there is a contrast or emphasis intended. In this sentence, the use of italics on 'supported' and 'condone' helps highlight the contradiction between Ben's words and actions, emphasizing the contrast between what he said and what he actually did. Choice A is incorrect because italics are not used to indicate intentional misspellings in this context. Choice B is incorrect as italics are not used to indicate foreign words in this sentence. Choice D is incorrect as there is no mention of footnotes in the sentence.

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