Nursing Elites

1. Which part of the brain is responsible for voluntary muscle movements?

• A. Medulla oblongata
• B. Cerebrum
• C. Hypothalamus
• D. Thalamus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The question inquires about the brain region responsible for voluntary muscle movements. The correct answer is the Cerebrum. The cerebrum is the main part of the brain involved in voluntary muscle control and motor coordination. The Medulla oblongata is primarily responsible for regulating vital functions like breathing and heart rate, not voluntary muscle movements. The Hypothalamus plays a role in regulating body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic processes. The Thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory information but is not directly responsible for voluntary muscle movements.

2. Which type of muscle is responsible for moving the skeleton?

• A. Cardiac muscle
• B. Skeletal muscle
• C. Smooth muscle
• D. Voluntary muscle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Skeletal muscle is the correct answer as it is responsible for moving the skeleton. Skeletal muscles are under voluntary control, meaning they can be consciously controlled by the individual. Cardiac muscle (Choice A) is found in the heart and is responsible for pumping blood, not moving the skeleton. Smooth muscle (Choice C) is found in internal organs and is responsible for involuntary movements like digestion. Voluntary muscle (Choice D) is not a specific type of muscle; it refers to muscles that can be consciously controlled, which includes skeletal muscles.

3. What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?

• A. Protein synthesis
• B. DNA replication
• C. Cell division
• D. Lipid synthesis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Protein synthesis. Ribosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis. They read the messenger RNA (mRNA) and translate the genetic information into specific proteins. This process is essential for building and maintaining the structures and functions of the cell. Choice B, DNA replication, is incorrect because ribosomes are not involved in replicating DNA; that process occurs in the nucleus. Choice C, cell division, is incorrect as ribosomes are not directly involved in cell division but rather in protein synthesis. Choice D, lipid synthesis, is also incorrect as ribosomes are not responsible for synthesizing lipids, which primarily occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles.

4. Which hormone is produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress?

• A. Insulin
• B. Adrenaline
• C. Glucagon
• D. Thyroxine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress. It helps prepare the body for the 'fight or flight' response by increasing heart rate, dilating airways, and mobilizing energy sources. Choice A, Insulin, is incorrect as it is produced by the pancreas and regulates blood sugar levels. Choice C, Glucagon, is also produced by the pancreas and functions to increase blood glucose levels. Choice D, Thyroxine, is produced by the thyroid gland and regulates metabolism, not specifically in response to stress.

5. Which of the following are the products of anaerobic respiration in humans?

• A. Ethyl alcohol and CO2
• B. Ethyl alcohol only
• C. Lactic acid and CO2
• D. Lactic acid only

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During anaerobic respiration in humans, lactic acid and CO2 are produced. Choice A, 'Ethyl alcohol and CO2,' is incorrect because ethyl alcohol is not a product of anaerobic respiration in humans. Choice B, 'Ethyl alcohol only,' is incorrect as ethyl alcohol is not a product of anaerobic respiration in humans. Choice D, 'Lactic acid only,' is incorrect because CO2 is also a product of anaerobic respiration in humans.

Similar Questions