Nursing Elites

1. What is the hypodermis composed of?

• A. Epithelial tissue
• B. Adipose and areolar connective tissue
• C. Collagen fibers
• D. Dense connective tissue

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Adipose and areolar connective tissue. The hypodermis, also known as the subcutaneous layer, is primarily composed of adipose (fat) and areolar (loose) connective tissue. These tissues provide insulation, cushioning, and energy storage. Epithelial tissue (Choice A) is not a significant component of the hypodermis, as it is mainly found in the epidermis and lining of internal organs. Collagen fibers (Choice C) are more abundant in the dermis, providing strength and support. Dense connective tissue (Choice D) is also present in the dermis but is not a major component of the hypodermis.

2. What is the length of DNA that can code for a particular protein?

• A. Chromosome
• B. Nucleotide
• C. Gene
• D. Ribosome

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gene. A gene is a specific segment of DNA that contains the information necessary to produce a particular protein. Genes are responsible for coding proteins, and each gene carries the instructions for a specific protein. Chromosomes consist of many genes and are not a specific length that codes for a protein. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and are not a length that codes for a protein. Ribosomes are cellular organelles involved in protein synthesis and do not directly code for proteins.

3. What happens to the kinetic energy of an object when its velocity is doubled?

• A. Kinetic energy remains the same
• B. Kinetic energy is halved
• C. Kinetic energy doubles
• D. Kinetic energy quadruples

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the square of the velocity of an object according to the kinetic energy formula (KE = 0.5 * m * v^2). When the velocity is doubled, the kinetic energy increases by a factor of four (2^2), which means it doubles. Therefore, when the velocity of an object is doubled, its kinetic energy also doubles. Choice A is incorrect because kinetic energy is not constant but dependent on velocity. Choice B is incorrect because halving the velocity would result in 1/4 of the original kinetic energy. Choice D is incorrect as quadrupling the kinetic energy would occur if the velocity is squared, not the kinetic energy.

4. Which of the following is a strong acid?

• A. Acetic acid (CH₃COOH)
• B. Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
• C. Citric acid
• D. Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃)

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid because it completely ionizes in water to produce hydrogen ions, leading to a high concentration of H⁺ ions in solution. This characteristic makes it a strong acid. Acetic acid (CH₃COOH), citric acid, and carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) are weak acids as they only partially ionize in water, resulting in a lower concentration of H⁺ ions compared to strong acids. Therefore, hydrochloric acid is the correct choice as a strong acid.

5. Following successful heart transplant surgery, the patient's body will need to take medications to:

• A. Suppress the immune system and prevent rejection of the new heart.
• B. Reduce overall blood pressure.
• C. Dissolve any remaining blood clots.
• D. Stimulate the growth of new heart tissue.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: After heart transplant surgery, the patient's body will need to take medications to suppress the immune system and prevent rejection of the new heart. This is essential to ensure that the body does not identify the transplanted heart as a foreign entity and mount an immune response against it, which could lead to transplant rejection and failure. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because post-heart transplant medications primarily focus on preventing rejection by suppressing the immune system, rather than reducing blood pressure, dissolving blood clots, or stimulating the growth of new heart tissue.

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