what is the process of making copies of rna from dna called

ATI TEAS 7

TEAS 7 science practice

1. What is the process of making copies of RNA from DNA called?

A. Replication
B. Transcription
C. Translation
D. DNA repair

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Transcription is the correct answer. Transcription is the process of making copies of RNA from DNA. During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase binds to a specific region of DNA and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand based on the DNA template. This process is essential for gene expression and protein synthesis in cells. Replication (option A) refers to the process of making copies of DNA, not RNA. Translation (option C) is the process of synthesizing proteins from mRNA, not making copies of RNA from DNA. DNA repair (option D) involves mechanisms that cells use to repair damaged DNA, not the process of making RNA copies from DNA.

2. What is a characteristic feature of a convex lens?

A. Converge light rays
B. Diverge light rays
C. Focus sound waves
D. Create virtual images only

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A convex lens is characterized by its ability to converge light rays. The convex lens is thicker in the middle and thinner at the edges, causing light rays passing through it to converge or come together at a focal point on the opposite side of the lens. This convergence of light rays is what distinguishes convex lenses. Choice B is incorrect as convex lenses do not diverge light rays. Choice C is incorrect as convex lenses do not focus sound waves but rather light waves. Choice D is incorrect as convex lenses can create both real and virtual images, not just virtual images.

3. Where is the cervix located?

A. Top of the uterus
B. Top of the ovaries
C. Bottom of the vagina
D. Bottom of the uterus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The cervix is located at the bottom of the uterus, where it opens into the vagina. It serves as the passageway between the uterus and the vagina, playing a crucial role in childbirth and menstrual flow. Choice A ('Top of the uterus') is incorrect because the cervix is not located at the top of the uterus. Choice B ('Top of the ovaries') is incorrect as the cervix is not located near the ovaries. Choice C ('Bottom of the vagina') is incorrect as the cervix is not located at the bottom of the vagina, but rather at the bottom of the uterus.

4. What presents the correct order of cellular respiration?

A. Glycolysis, Acetyl-CoA, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
B. Citric Acid Cycle, Glycolysis, Acetyl-CoA, Electron Transport Chain
C. Glycolysis, Acetyl-CoA, Electron Transport Chain, Citric Acid Cycle
D. Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport Chain, Acetyl-CoA

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct order of cellular respiration is Glycolysis, Acetyl-CoA, Citric Acid Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain. Glycolysis initiates the breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm, leading to the formation of pyruvate. This pyruvate is then converted to Acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria, which enters the Citric Acid Cycle to generate energy-rich molecules like NADH and FADH2. Finally, the Electron Transport Chain, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, utilizes these energy carriers to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Choice B is incorrect because it starts with the Citric Acid Cycle, which comes after Glycolysis. Choice C is incorrect as it places the Citric Acid Cycle before the Electron Transport Chain. Choice D is incorrect by placing Acetyl-CoA last instead of before the Citric Acid Cycle.

5. Which term refers to a molecule of DNA and structural protein?

A. Lysosome
B. Centrosome
C. Chromosome
D. Genome

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chromosome. A chromosome is a structure composed of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information. It is the condensed form of DNA associated with structural proteins, not just a molecule of DNA or protein. Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes, not DNA and protein. Centrosomes are involved in cell division, not related to DNA and protein together. A genome refers to an organism's complete set of DNA, not specifically a molecule containing both DNA and structural protein.