Nursing Elites

1. Which system maintains the body's balance through the release of hormones directly into the bloodstream?

• A. The gastrointestinal system
• B. The endocrine system
• C. The digestive system
• D. The endocrine system

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: The endocrine system. The endocrine system maintains the body's balance through the release of hormones directly into the bloodstream. Hormones produced by glands in the endocrine system regulate various bodily functions such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction. This system plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by releasing hormones that help control and coordinate different processes in the body. Choices A, C, and B are incorrect. The gastrointestinal system is responsible for digestion, absorption of nutrients, and excretion of waste; the digestive system includes the gastrointestinal system and other accessory organs; and choice B is a duplicate of the correct answer.

2. Which of the following cell types has no nucleus?

• A. platelet
• B. red blood cell
• C. white blood cell
• D. phagocyte

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, red blood cell. In humans, red blood cells do not have a nucleus. This unique feature allows them to have more space to carry oxygen efficiently. Platelets (choice A), white blood cells (choice C), and phagocytes (choice D) all have nuclei. Platelets are cell fragments, while white blood cells and phagocytes are types of immune cells that contain a nucleus for DNA and cellular functions.

3. Where is DNA stored?

• A. The nucleus
• B. Ribosomes
• C. Endoplasmic reticulum
• D. Mitochondria

Correct answer: A

Rationale: DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell. The nucleus houses the cell's genetic material, including the DNA, which contains the instructions for building and operating the cell. The nucleus controls the activities of the cell and is essential for proper cell function and reproduction. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not DNA storage. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, storage, and transport but does not store DNA. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, producing energy in the form of ATP, but they do not store DNA.

4. What provides the cell with the ability to move and propel?

• A. Microfilaments
• B. Microtubules
• C. Flagella
• D. Cilia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Microtubules are the cellular structures responsible for cell movement and propulsion. Microtubules are part of the cytoskeleton and play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell motility and intracellular transport. While microfilaments also contribute to cell movement by enabling muscle contraction and cell shape changes, they are not primarily responsible for propelling the cell. Flagella and cilia are cellular appendages involved in cell movement, but they are composed of microtubules, making them the structures that move due to the actions of microtubules.

5. Which organism reproduces via binary fission?

• A. Mushroom
• B. Blue whale
• C. Rainbow trout
• D. Salmonella

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Salmonella. Salmonella bacterium reproduces via binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction where the cell divides into two daughter cells with identical genetic material. This process is common among bacteria and single-celled organisms. Mushrooms reproduce through spores, blue whales and rainbow trout reproduce sexually, involving the fusion of male and female gametes. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not reproduce through binary fission.

Similar Questions