HESI A2
HESI Exams Quizlet Physics
1. Given the four wires described here, which would you expect to have the greatest resistance?
- A. 1 km of American wire gauge 1; diameter 7.35 mm
- B. 1 km of American wire gauge 2; diameter 6.54 mm
- C. 1 km of American wire gauge 3; diameter 5.83 mm
- D. 1 km of American wire gauge 4; diameter 5.19 mm
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The wire with the greatest resistance is the one with the smallest diameter, as resistance is inversely proportional to cross-sectional area. Gauge 4 with a 5.19 mm diameter has the smallest diameter and, therefore, the greatest resistance. Choice A, B, and C have larger diameters compared to choice D, so they would have lower resistance values.
2. A Carnot cycle is a theoretical ideal heat engine operating between two heat reservoirs at different temperatures. Which of the following statements is NOT true about a Carnot cycle?
- A. The efficiency of a Carnot cycle is solely dependent on the absolute temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs.
- B. It is a reversible cycle, meaning the process can be run in both directions with the same efficiency.
- C. It operates isothermally at the hot and cold reservoir temperatures.
- D. It is the most efficient heat engine operating between the same two reservoir temperatures.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The statement that is NOT true is C. Although part of the Carnot cycle operates isothermally, not the entire cycle operates isothermally. The Carnot cycle consists of both isothermal and adiabatic processes. Choice A is incorrect because the efficiency of a Carnot cycle is indeed solely dependent on the absolute temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs. Choice B is correct as a Carnot cycle is reversible, allowing the process to be run in both directions with the same efficiency. Choice D is also true as the Carnot cycle is the most efficient heat engine operating between the same two reservoir temperatures. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
3. An incandescent lamp consumes 60 Joules of energy per second. What is the power rating of this lamp?
- A. 1 Watt (W)
- B. 60 Watts (W)
- C. 1/60 Joules
- D. Impossible to determine without knowing the voltage
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Power is defined as energy consumed per unit time. If the lamp consumes 60 Joules of energy per second, the power rating is 60 Watts. Therefore, choice B is correct. Choice A ('1 Watt') is incorrect because the lamp consumes 60 Joules per second, not 1 Joule per second. Choice C ('1/60 Joules') is incorrect as it does not represent the power rating. Choice D ('Impossible to determine without knowing the voltage') is incorrect because power can be calculated using energy consumption per unit time without needing to know the voltage.
4. Which characteristic does a transverse wave not have?
- A. a compression
- B. an amplitude
- C. a frequency
- D. a wavelength
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A transverse wave does not have a compression because transverse waves move perpendicular to the direction of the oscillation. In a transverse wave, the particles move up and down, causing crests and troughs, without creating compressions. Compressions are characteristic of longitudinal waves where the particles move parallel to the direction of the wave. The other choices (B, C, and D) are characteristics that transverse waves possess: amplitude is the maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position, frequency is the number of complete oscillations a wave makes in a given time, and wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave that are in the same phase.
5. The specific heat capacity (c) of a material is the amount of heat transfer (Q) required to raise the temperature (ΔT) of a unit mass (m) of the material by one degree (typically Celsius). The relationship between these quantities is described by the equation:
- A. Q = cΔT
- B. Q = mcΔT
- C. Q = c / mΔT
- D. Q = ΔT / mc
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct equation relating heat transfer (Q), mass (m), specific heat capacity (c), and change in temperature (ΔT) is Q = mcΔT. This equation states that the heat transfer is equal to the product of the mass, specific heat capacity, and temperature change. Therefore, the correct answer is B, as it correctly represents this relationship. Choices C and D do not correctly represent the relationship between these quantities and are therefore incorrect.
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