HESI A2
HESI A2 Reading Comprehension V1 2024
1. What is the writer’s primary purpose in writing this essay?
- A. To inform the reader about the dangers of high blood pressure
- B. To inform the reader how high blood pressure leads to a higher risk of heart attack
- C. To inform the reader how the cardiovascular system regulates blood pressure
- D. To persuade the reader that controlling one’s blood pressure is important
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The primary purpose of the essay is to inform the reader about how the cardiovascular system regulates blood pressure. The essay provides detailed explanations about the components of the cardiovascular system that regulate blood pressure, such as baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys. Choices A and B are incorrect because the essay does not focus on discussing the dangers of high blood pressure or its correlation with a higher risk of heart attack. Choice D is incorrect as the essay does not aim to persuade the reader to control their blood pressure but rather to educate them on the regulatory mechanisms of the cardiovascular system.
2. What was the author’s primary purpose for writing this essay?
- A. To persuade the reader to conserve water
- B. To persuade the reader that runoff is not the best way to collect water
- C. To analyze different types of runoff
- D. To inform the reader about the stages of the water cycle
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The author's primary purpose for writing the essay is to inform the reader about the stages of the water cycle. The essay discusses the various stages of the water cycle, including precipitation, runoff, evaporation, and condensation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the essay focuses on explaining the water cycle stages rather than persuading the reader to conserve water, discussing the effectiveness of runoff, or analyzing different types of runoff.
3. What is the best summary of this passage?
- A. The heart regulates oxygen flow and waste disposal, with the kidneys aiding in salt and water absorption.
- B. The cardiovascular system regulates blood pressure through baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys.
- C. Baroreceptors send impulses to regulate blood pressure by affecting the heart, arteries, and veins.
- D. Chemoreceptors monitor oxygen levels to impact blood pressure.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it provides a comprehensive summary of the passage, explaining how the cardiovascular system regulates blood pressure through baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys. Choice A is incorrect as it only focuses on the heart and kidneys without mentioning the broader cardiovascular system. Choice C is incorrect as it solely emphasizes the role of baroreceptors in regulating blood pressure. Choice D is incorrect as it oversimplifies the role of chemoreceptors in monitoring oxygen levels without mentioning their impact on blood pressure regulation.
4. Which statement is not listed as a detail within the passage?
- A. Changes in the ECG are typically used for the diagnosis of abnormal cardiac rhythm.
- B. The signal has a characteristic record called the electrocardiogram.
- C. The 'wave of excitation' starts at the SA node.
- D. The 'wave of excitation' spreads through the heart wall and is accompanied by electric changes.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The corrected statement should be: Changes in the ECG are not typically used for the diagnosis of abnormal cardiac rhythm. The passage mentions that the heart sends out electric currents in waves, and the 'wave of excitation' spreads through the heart wall accompanied by electric changes. It details the process of how the heart's electric impulses are recorded and how abnormalities can be detected. However, it does not state that ECG changes are specifically used for diagnosing abnormal cardiac rhythms. Choice A is the correct answer because it misrepresents the information provided in the passage. Choices B, C, and D are all supported by the passage and align with the details mentioned regarding the electrocardiogram and the wave of excitation in the heart.
5. What is the meaning of the word 'phenomenon' in the second paragraph?
- A. Something that is lifeless to the senses
- B. Something that is nonchalant
- C. Something that is significant but unusual
- D. Something that is chemical in origin
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In the context of the second paragraph, 'phenomenon' refers to something significant and unusual, specifically describing the scientific phenomenon known as the Doppler Effect. This effect explains the change in frequency of sound waves when a source of sound and the observer are in relative motion. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately reflect the meaning of 'phenomenon' in this context. 'Lifeless to the senses,' 'nonchalant,' and 'chemical in origin' do not align with the description of the Doppler Effect, which is a notable and uncommon scientific occurrence.
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