HESI A2
HESI A2 Reading Comprehension V1 2024
1. What is the meaning of the word 'elasticity' in the last paragraph?
- A. Something that is able to resist and be flexible
- B. Something that is like plastic
- C. Something that is dynamic and electrifying
- D. Something that is silly
Correct answer: A
Rationale: 'Elasticity' refers to the ability of the arterial walls to resist and be flexible, which affects blood pressure. In the provided extract, it is mentioned that an increase in blood pressure can occur if the arterial walls lose some of their elasticity with age or disease. This demonstrates that elasticity refers to the property of being able to resist and be flexible, supporting choice A as the correct answer. The other choices, B, C, and D, do not accurately reflect the concept of elasticity in the context of arterial walls and blood pressure.
2. What is the best summary of the passage?
- A. Electric currents within the body are due to electrostatic charges set off by the heart. Medical staff are trained to recognize any abnormalities within the heart.
- B. Every individual has unique electric currents on the surface of the body. The ECG measures and records these electric currents.
- C. The ECG systematically and rather quickly measures the stages at which the 'wave of excitation' occurs within the heart and records them. This wave has three distinct steps that spread from the SA node to the AV node.
- D. The ECG measures the electric currents within the body. These currents are detected on the surface of the body when the body is connected to an amplifier.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct summary of the passage is option C. The passage explains how the ECG systematically measures and records the 'wave of excitation' that occurs within the heart in three distinct steps, spreading from the SA node to the AV node. This summary effectively captures the main focus of the passage. Option A is incorrect because it only mentions the detection of electric currents in the body and recognizing abnormalities by medical staff, missing the key information about the 'wave of excitation' and its stages. Option B is incorrect as it focuses solely on the measurement and recording of unique electric currents on the body's surface, neglecting the specific process described in the passage. Option D is also incorrect as it provides a general description of how the ECG measures electric currents without emphasizing the specific stages of the 'wave of excitation' as detailed in the passage.
3. What is the writer’s primary purpose in writing this essay?
- A. To inform the reader about the dangers of high blood pressure
- B. To inform the reader how high blood pressure leads to a higher risk of heart attack
- C. To inform the reader how the cardiovascular system regulates blood pressure
- D. To persuade the reader that controlling one’s blood pressure is important
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The primary purpose of the essay is to inform the reader about how the cardiovascular system regulates blood pressure. The essay provides detailed explanations about the components of the cardiovascular system that regulate blood pressure, such as baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and the kidneys. Choices A and B are incorrect because the essay does not focus on discussing the dangers of high blood pressure or its correlation with a higher risk of heart attack. Choice D is incorrect as the essay does not aim to persuade the reader to control their blood pressure but rather to educate them on the regulatory mechanisms of the cardiovascular system.
4. What is the meaning of the word 'sterile' as it is used in the second paragraph?
- A. free of bacteria
- B. healthy
- C. delicious
- D. impotent
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In the context provided, 'sterile' means free of bacteria. The text mentions that raw foods are not sterile and can be a common source of foodborne illnesses due to contamination with harmful bacteria. 'Healthy' (choice B) is incorrect as the term 'sterile' specifically refers to the absence of bacteria, not overall health. 'Delicious' (choice C) is irrelevant to the context of bacteria contamination. 'Impotent' (choice D) is also incorrect as it does not relate to the concept of being free from bacteria.
5. What is the meaning of the word 'ideal' as it is used in the first paragraph?
- A. thoughtful
- B. confined
- C. hostile
- D. perfect
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In this context, 'ideal' means perfect. The human body provides a perfect environment for many microbes, as stated in the extract. It is the immune system's role to keep these microbes out or destroy them. The other choices are incorrect: 'thoughtful' does not fit the context of the sentence, 'confined' and 'hostile' are not synonymous with 'ideal' in this context.
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