HESI A2
Anatomy HESI A2
1. Which of the following are considered normal values for the measure of a person’s pulse and blood pressure?
- A. 55 beats per minute and 75 over 60 mm Hg
- B. 72 beats per minute and 120 over 80 mm Hg
- C. 100 beats per minute and 140 over 100 mm Hg
- D. 160 beats per minute and 100 over 70 mm Hg
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Normal values for pulse rate typically range between 60 to 100 beats per minute, while normal blood pressure values are usually around 120/80 mm Hg. Option B falls within these normal ranges for both pulse rate and blood pressure, making it the correct choice. Choices A, C, and D have either pulse rate, blood pressure, or both values outside the normal ranges, making them incorrect.
2. To which system do the ovaries belong?
- A. skeletal system
- B. nervous system
- C. lymphatic system
- D. reproductive system
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: reproductive system. The ovaries are essential organs of the female reproductive system. They play a vital role in producing eggs and secreting hormones like estrogen and progesterone. The skeletal system (choice A) consists of bones and tissues that support the body, the nervous system (choice B) controls body functions and responses, and the lymphatic system (choice C) helps the body fight off infections. Therefore, the ovaries belong to the reproductive system.
3. Which of the following processes represents a different level of defense compared to the others?
- A. A low pH in the stomach
- B. Cilia present in the trachea
- C. Body cells recognizing a pathogen
- D. Mucus present in the nasal cavity
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Among the listed processes, low pH in the stomach, cilia in the trachea, and mucus in the nasal cavity serve as physical barriers that form the first line of defense against pathogens. These barriers work to block pathogens from entering the body. On the other hand, body cells recognizing a pathogen involves the immune response, which operates at a different level of defense. This process is part of the adaptive immune response, where the body's immune cells identify, target, and eliminate specific pathogens to provide a specialized defense after the pathogens have breached the physical barriers. Therefore, body cells recognizing a pathogen represent a different level of defense compared to the other listed processes.
4. What is the name of the bone in the human thigh?
- A. Ulna
- B. Femur
- C. Radius
- D. Humerus
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Femur. The femur, also known as the thigh bone, is located in the human thigh. It is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. The ulna, radius, and humerus, on the other hand, are bones found in the arm. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are bones of the arm, not the thigh.
5. Which organ system is primarily responsible for generating antibodies?
- A. The endocrine system
- B. The digestive system
- C. The lymphatic system
- D. The nervous system
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: The lymphatic system. Antibodies are produced by specialized white blood cells called B-lymphocytes (or B cells) in response to foreign substances known as antigens. The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, tonsils, thymus, and spleen, which work together to produce and store antibodies to help the body fight off infections and diseases. Choice A, the endocrine system, is incorrect because it is responsible for hormone regulation, not antibody production. Choice B, the digestive system, is incorrect because its main function is to break down food and absorb nutrients, not produce antibodies. Choice D, the nervous system, is incorrect as it is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body and coordinating body functions, not generating antibodies.
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