HESI A2
Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test
1. Which of the following is an organ of the respiratory system?
- A. Pancreas
- B. Brain
- C. Urethra
- D. Larynx
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The larynx is a vital organ of the respiratory system, responsible for producing sound and connecting the pharynx to the trachea. It plays a crucial role in breathing, swallowing, and vocalization. The brain, pancreas, and urethra are not part of the respiratory system; the brain is part of the nervous system, the pancreas is part of the digestive system, and the urethra is part of the urinary system. Therefore, the correct answer is the larynx.
2. Which of the following endocrine system glands releases the thyrotrophic-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormones?
- A. Thymus
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Pineal gland
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is responsible for releasing various essential hormones, including thyrotrophic-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormones. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating the functions of other endocrine glands by stimulating or inhibiting their hormone production. The Thymus (choice A) is primarily involved in the immune system, the Pituitary gland (choice B) secretes various hormones but not the ones specified in the question, and the Pineal gland (choice C) mainly produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, and is not related to the hormones mentioned in the question.
3. Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands during stress?
- A. Insulin
- B. Adrenaline
- C. Melatonin
- D. Cortisol
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is released by the adrenal glands during stress to prepare the body for rapid action. It helps in triggering the body's fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate, and providing a burst of energy when faced with stressful situations. Insulin (Choice A) is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels, not by the adrenal glands. Melatonin (Choice C) is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is produced by the pineal gland, not the adrenal glands. Cortisol (Choice D) is another hormone produced by the adrenal glands, but it is not the primary hormone released during immediate stress responses; it is more involved in long-term stress regulation.
4. What role does the liver play in metabolism?
- A. To produce bile
- B. To detoxify harmful substances
- C. To store glucose
- D. To produce insulin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To detoxify harmful substances.' The liver is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances present in the blood as part of its role in metabolism. While the liver does produce bile to aid in digestion and stores glucose for energy regulation, its main function in metabolism is detoxification. The liver does not produce insulin; insulin is produced by the pancreas to regulate blood sugar levels.
5. What is the main function of the immune system?
- A. To produce hormones
- B. To protect the body from infections
- C. To remove waste products
- D. To regulate body temperature
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The main function of the immune system is to protect the body from infections by identifying and destroying pathogens like bacteria and viruses. It plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and preventing illnesses. Choice A is incorrect because hormone production is primarily handled by the endocrine system, not the immune system. Choice C is incorrect as waste removal is mainly performed by the excretory system, not the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as regulating body temperature is primarily the role of the thermoregulatory system, not the immune system.
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