HESI A2
Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test
1. Which bone does not articulate with any other bone?
- A. Femur
- B. Hyoid
- C. Radius
- D. Tibia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the Hyoid bone. The hyoid bone is distinctive as it does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. Instead, it is held in place by muscles and ligaments, playing a crucial role in supporting the tongue and providing attachment points for various muscles involved in swallowing and speech. The other choices, Femur, Radius, and Tibia, all articulate with other bones in the body. The femur articulates with the hip bone, the radius articulates with the ulna and other bones in the wrist, and the tibia articulates with the femur and fibula.
2. Which of the following endocrine system glands releases the thyrotrophic-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormones?
- A. Thymus
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Pineal gland
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is responsible for releasing various essential hormones, including thyrotrophic-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormones. These hormones play crucial roles in regulating the functions of other endocrine glands by stimulating or inhibiting their hormone production. The Thymus (choice A) is primarily involved in the immune system, the Pituitary gland (choice B) secretes various hormones but not the ones specified in the question, and the Pineal gland (choice C) mainly produces melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles, and is not related to the hormones mentioned in the question.
3. What is the function of the stomach in digestion?
- A. To absorb nutrients
- B. To break down food
- C. To secrete digestive enzymes
- D. To store glucose
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To break down food.' The stomach's primary function in digestion is to break down food mechanically and chemically. It accomplishes this by mixing food with gastric acid and digestive enzymes, resulting in the formation of chyme, a semi-liquid mixture that moves on to further digestion in the small intestine. Choice A is incorrect because the absorption of nutrients occurs mainly in the small intestine, not in the stomach. Choice C is incorrect because while the stomach does secrete digestive enzymes like pepsin, its primary role is not just limited to enzyme secretion. Choice D is incorrect because the storage of glucose primarily occurs in the liver and muscles, not in the stomach.
4. Which of the following structures is found in the upper respiratory system alongside the Pharynx?
- A. Larynx
- B. Trachea
- C. Pharynx
- D. Bronchi
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Larynx.' The larynx is indeed located in the upper respiratory system alongside the pharynx. Positioned below the pharynx and above the trachea, the larynx is crucial for breathing and sound production. The trachea and bronchi are part of the lower respiratory system and are situated below the larynx, making them incorrect choices in this context.
5. Which of the following statements best describes endocrine glands?
- A. They absorb chemicals from the blood
- B. They secrete chemicals into the blood
- C. They filter chemicals from the blood
- D. They absorb chemicals from the lymphatic system
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'They secrete chemicals into the blood.' Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate various body functions. This process helps in maintaining homeostasis and coordinating different physiological processes within the body. Choice A is incorrect as endocrine glands do not absorb chemicals from the blood; instead, they release hormones. Choice C is incorrect as endocrine glands do not filter chemicals from the blood; they secrete hormones. Choice D is incorrect as endocrine glands do not absorb chemicals from the lymphatic system; they release hormones into the bloodstream.
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