HESI A2
Anatomy and Physiology Hesi A2 Practice Test
1. Which of the following is not part of the central nervous system?
- A. Retina
- B. Spinal cord
- C. Brain
- D. Heart
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are responsible for processing and coordinating information. The retina is part of the eye, while the heart is part of the circulatory system. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Spinal cord' as it is not part of the central nervous system.
2. Which of the following is an organ of the respiratory system?
- A. Pancreas
- B. Brain
- C. Urethra
- D. Larynx
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The larynx is a vital organ of the respiratory system, responsible for producing sound and connecting the pharynx to the trachea. It plays a crucial role in breathing, swallowing, and vocalization. The brain, pancreas, and urethra are not part of the respiratory system; the brain is part of the nervous system, the pancreas is part of the digestive system, and the urethra is part of the urinary system. Therefore, the correct answer is the larynx.
3. What is the role of the spleen in the immune system?
- A. To filter blood and remove old red blood cells
- B. To produce white blood cells
- C. To store lymphocytes
- D. To produce antibodies
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The spleen plays a crucial role in the immune system by filtering blood, specifically removing old or damaged red blood cells. It also stores lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that help fight infections. While the spleen does not produce white blood cells or antibodies, its main functions lie in blood filtration and storage of immune cells. Therefore, the correct answer is A. Choice B is incorrect because the spleen does not produce white blood cells. Choice C is incorrect as the spleen stores lymphocytes but does not primarily function to do so. Choice D is incorrect because the spleen does not produce antibodies.
4. When an individual is under stress, hormones are released. Which of the following is not one of the locations in which hormones are released when under stress?
- A. Posterior pituitary
- B. Hypothalamus
- C. Adrenal cortex
- D. Parathyroid
Correct answer: D
Rationale: During stress, hormones are released from the adrenal cortex, posterior pituitary, and hypothalamus to help the body respond. The parathyroid gland, however, is not typically involved in the stress response by releasing hormones. The posterior pituitary releases hormones like oxytocin and vasopressin, the hypothalamus secretes corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin, while the adrenal cortex releases cortisol and aldosterone in response to stress. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Parathyroid.'
5. Which of the heart's four chambers is the largest and the strongest?
- A. Right atrium
- B. Left ventricle
- C. Right ventricle
- D. Left atrium
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The left ventricle is the largest and strongest chamber of the heart. It pumps oxygenated blood to the body, making it vital for systemic circulation. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body, the right ventricle pumps this blood to the lungs, and the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
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