HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023
1. Which hormone is produced by the pancreas to lower blood glucose levels?
- A. Glucagon
- B. Insulin
- C. Cortisol
- D. Melatonin
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Insulin. Insulin, produced by the pancreas, is the hormone responsible for lowering blood glucose levels. It achieves this by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells, thereby reducing the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream. Choice A, Glucagon, is actually a hormone produced by the pancreas that works to raise blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose. Choice C, Cortisol, is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, not the pancreas, and is involved in stress response and regulation of metabolism. Choice D, Melatonin, is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles and is not directly involved in blood glucose level regulation.
2. What is the function of the liver in digestion?
- A. To produce bile
- B. To store glucose
- C. To secrete digestive enzymes
- D. To detoxify harmful substances
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The liver's main role in digestion is to produce bile, a substance that aids in the breakdown and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Bile emulsifies fats, helping enzymes break them down into smaller molecules for easier absorption in the digestive tract. Therefore, the correct answer is A: 'To produce bile.' Storing glucose, secreting digestive enzymes, and detoxifying harmful substances are functions of the liver, but they are not primarily related to digestion.
3. What is the primary function of the heart?
- A. To filter blood
- B. To transport oxygen and nutrients
- C. To remove waste
- D. To regulate temperature
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the heart is to pump oxygenated blood and nutrients throughout the body, supplying cells with vital substances. Choice A is incorrect as the kidneys are responsible for filtering blood. Choice C is incorrect as waste removal is primarily handled by organs like the kidneys and liver. Choice D is incorrect as regulating body temperature is mainly controlled by mechanisms such as sweating and shivering, not the heart.
4. Which bone does not articulate with any other bone in the body?
- A. Scapula
- B. Hyoid
- C. Radius
- D. Femur
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyoid. The hyoid bone is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bones. It is located in the neck and supports the tongue and other muscles involved in swallowing and speech. The scapula articulates with the clavicle and humerus, the radius with the ulna and humerus, and the femur with the pelvis and tibia. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they all articulate with other bones in the body.
5. What is the function of the large intestine in the digestive system?
- A. To secrete digestive enzymes
- B. To absorb water and form solid waste
- C. To produce bile
- D. To transport nutrients
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The large intestine's primary function is to absorb water from the remaining indigestible food matter that enters it from the small intestine. This absorption process helps in forming solid waste (feces) by compacting the material and preparing it for excretion. The large intestine does not secrete digestive enzymes, produce bile, or transport nutrients. Therefore, option B, 'To absorb water and form solid waste,' is the correct function of the large intestine in the digestive system.
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