HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023
1. Which vitamin is necessary for blood clotting?
- A. Vitamin D
- B. Vitamin K
- C. Vitamin C
- D. Vitamin B12
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of proteins involved in blood clotting. These proteins help in the coagulation process, ensuring that wounds can heal properly by preventing excessive bleeding. Without sufficient Vitamin K, the blood clotting process may be impaired, leading to potential health risks. Vitamin D is important for bone health, Vitamin C is essential for the immune system and collagen production, and Vitamin B12 plays a role in red blood cell production and nerve function, but they are not directly involved in the blood clotting process.
2. What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?
- A. Regulating blood pressure
- B. Filtering blood to remove waste
- C. Producing red blood cells
- D. Regulating electrolyte balance
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system is to filter blood to remove waste products and excess fluids, which are then excreted as urine. Kidneys act as a filtration system, removing waste like urea, excess salts, and toxins. While the kidneys do play a role in regulating blood pressure by secreting renin and maintaining electrolyte balance by adjusting the levels of sodium, potassium, and other ions in the blood, their main and essential function is filtration and waste removal, making choice B the correct answer.
3. Which brain region is involved in memory formation?
- A. Cerebellum
- B. Hippocampus
- C. Brainstem
- D. Frontal lobe
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The hippocampus, located in the temporal lobe, is crucial for memory formation. It plays a vital role in converting short-term memories into long-term memories. Damage to the hippocampus can lead to significant memory deficits, highlighting its importance in the memory process. The cerebellum (Choice A) is primarily involved in coordination and balance, not memory. The brainstem (Choice C) is responsible for basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate, not memory. The frontal lobe (Choice D) is associated with functions like decision-making, problem-solving, and emotions, but not primarily memory formation.
4. What is the primary function of the immune system?
- A. To transport oxygen
- B. To fight infections
- C. To produce energy
- D. To regulate body temperature
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The primary function of the immune system is to fight infections. It identifies and destroys pathogens like bacteria and viruses, protecting the body from harmful substances. While oxygen transportation is carried out by the respiratory system, energy production is mainly the role of the metabolic system, and body temperature regulation is managed by the thermoregulatory system. These functions are separate from the immune system's primary role of defending the body against infections.
5. Which hormone is involved in the regulation of water balance in the body?
- A. ADH
- B. Insulin
- C. Cortisol
- D. Thyroxine
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is ADH (antidiuretic hormone), also known as vasopressin. ADH helps regulate water balance in the body by controlling the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys. When there is a need to conserve water, ADH levels increase, leading to more water reabsorption and concentration of urine. Insulin is involved in regulating blood sugar levels, not water balance. Cortisol is a stress hormone that helps regulate metabolism and immune response, not water balance. Thyroxine is a thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism, growth, and development, not water balance.
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