HESI A2
Chemistry Hesi A2
1. How many electrons are in a neutral atom of neon?
- A. 9
- B. 10
- C. 11
- D. 12
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The atomic number of neon is 10, which represents the number of protons in its nucleus. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons to maintain electrical neutrality. Therefore, a neutral atom of neon contains 10 electrons, matching the 10 protons within the nucleus. Choice A (9 electrons) is incorrect as it doesn't correspond to the atomic number of neon. Choices C (11 electrons) and D (12 electrons) are also incorrect as they do not align with the correct atomic number of neon.
2. On the periodic table, where are atoms with the largest atomic radius located?
- A. At the top of their group
- B. In the middle of their group
- C. At the bottom of their group
- D. Along the right-hand side
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Atoms with the largest atomic radius are located at the bottom of their group on the periodic table. This is because atomic radius increases down a group due to the addition of more energy levels or shells of electrons. As you move down a group, the outermost electrons are further away from the nucleus, leading to an increase in atomic radius. Choice A 'At the top of their group' is incorrect because atomic radius decreases going up within a group. Choice B 'In the middle of their group' is incorrect as the atomic radius generally increases as you go down a group, not in the middle. Choice D 'Along the right-hand side' is incorrect because atomic radius tends to decrease from left to right across a period on the periodic table due to increased nuclear charge and effective nuclear charge.
3. What are the products of combustion of a hydrocarbon in excess oxygen?
- A. Carbon dioxide and water
- B. Naphthalene
- C. Chlorine and bromine
- D. Carbonium ions
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Carbon dioxide and water. During the combustion of a hydrocarbon in excess oxygen, the hydrocarbon reacts to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor as the final products. This reaction is known as complete combustion, where the hydrocarbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because naphthalene is a specific hydrocarbon compound, chlorine and bromine are not typically formed during the combustion of hydrocarbons in excess oxygen, and carbonium ions are not the products of this reaction.
4. A chemist takes 100 mL of a 40 g NaCl solution and dilutes it to 1L. What is the concentration (molarity) of the new solution?
- A. 0.04 M NaCl
- B. 0.25 M NaCl
- C. 0.40 M NaCl
- D. 2.5 M NaCl
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Initially, the chemist has 40 g of NaCl in 100 mL of solution. To find the initial molarity, we need to calculate the number of moles of NaCl using the molar mass of NaCl (58.44 g/mol). After dilution to 1 L, the molarity of the new solution can be calculated by dividing the moles of NaCl by the total volume in liters. Therefore, the concentration (molarity) of the new solution is 0.40 M NaCl. Choice A (0.04 M NaCl) is incorrect because it doesn't consider the correct molar concentration after dilution. Choice B (0.25 M NaCl) is incorrect as it also doesn't account for the correct molar concentration post-dilution. Choice D (2.5 M NaCl) is incorrect as it is too concentrated given the initial amount of NaCl and the dilution factor.
5. Aluminum (Al) has 13 protons in its nucleus. What is the number of electrons in an Al3+ ion?
- A. 16
- B. 13
- C. 10
- D. 3
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Aluminum (Al) has an atomic number of 13, which indicates it normally has 13 electrons to balance the 13 protons in its nucleus. When Al forms an Al3+ ion, it loses 3 electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Therefore, the Al3+ ion will have 13 - 3 = 10 electrons. Choice A (16) is incorrect as it doesn't take into account the charge of the Al3+ ion. Choice B (13) is incorrect because the Al3+ ion has lost electrons. Choice D (3) is incorrect as it doesn't reflect the total number of electrons lost by the Al atom to form the Al3+ ion.
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