HESI A2
HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Quizlet
1. Which type of joint is found in the neck and allows for rotational movement?
- A. Hinge joint
- B. Pivot joint
- C. Ball and socket joint
- D. Saddle joint
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pivot joint. A pivot joint, like the one found in the neck, allows for rotational movement, enabling the head to turn from side to side. Hinge joints (Choice A) allow movement in one plane like a door hinge and are not found in the neck. Ball and socket joints (Choice C) allow for a wide range of motion in multiple directions and are typically found in the hip and shoulder. Saddle joints (Choice D) allow for movement back and forth and side to side, like the thumb joint, but are not found in the neck.
2. Which structure in the eye focuses light onto the retina?
- A. Cornea
- B. Lens
- C. Pupil
- D. Iris
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The lens of the eye is responsible for focusing light onto the retina. It plays a crucial role in adjusting the focus to allow for clear vision. After the light passes through the lens, it reaches the retina where it is converted into neural signals for the brain to interpret. The cornea is the transparent outer layer of the eye that helps in focusing light, but its main function is to protect the eye. The pupil is the opening in the center of the iris that regulates the amount of light entering the eye. The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the size of the pupil.
3. What is the main function of the circulatory system?
- A. Transporting oxygen and nutrients
- B. Removing waste products
- C. Regulating body temperature
- D. Protecting organs
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The main function of the circulatory system is to transport oxygen and nutrients to the body's cells while removing waste products. Oxygen and nutrients are carried by the blood to various tissues and organs, ensuring they receive essential elements for their proper function. Waste products are then removed from the cells and transported to the appropriate organs for elimination. This process ensures the overall well-being and functionality of the body. Choice B, removing waste products, is partially correct as one of the functions of the circulatory system is indeed to eliminate waste from the body. However, the primary function is to transport oxygen and nutrients. Choice C, regulating body temperature, is incorrect as temperature regulation is mainly controlled by the body's respiratory and integumentary systems. Choice D, protecting organs, is not a primary function of the circulatory system; protection is more closely associated with the immune system and the skeletal system.
4. Which part of the brain is responsible for processing sensory information?
- A. Frontal lobe
- B. Parietal lobe
- C. Occipital lobe
- D. Temporal lobe
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The parietal lobe of the brain is responsible for processing sensory information such as touch, temperature, and pain. It integrates sensory information from various parts of the body, allowing an individual to perceive and respond to different stimuli. Functions like spatial awareness and perception of the body's position in space are also associated with the parietal lobe. The frontal lobe is responsible for functions like decision-making and personality. The occipital lobe is primarily involved in visual processing, and the temporal lobe plays a role in memory and auditory processing.
5. Which of the following endocrine system glands releases the thyrotrophic-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone?
- A. Thymus
- B. Pituitary gland
- C. Pineal gland
- D. Hypothalamus
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the Hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is responsible for releasing key hormones like thyrotrophic-releasing hormone, growth hormone-releasing hormone, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone. These hormones play essential roles in regulating various body functions by influencing the activities of other endocrine glands. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the thymus is involved in immune function, the pituitary gland releases different hormones, and the pineal gland primarily produces melatonin, not the hormones mentioned in the question.
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