HESI A2
Biology HESI A2 Practice Test
1. Which of the following is not true about antibiotics?
- A. They can interfere with the bacteria's ability to survive
- B. They can affect how bacteria multiply
- C. They can cause more bacteria to grow
- D. They only work on bacteria
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Antibiotics do not cause more bacteria to grow. They work by interfering with the bacteria's ability to survive, affecting how they multiply, or killing the bacteria cells. Antibiotics specifically target bacteria, so they do not promote the growth of more bacteria. Choices A, B, and D are true statements about antibiotics as they accurately describe how antibiotics work and their specific action on bacteria.
2. Which of the following is not true about enzymes?
- A. They catalyze reactions
- B. They lower the activation energy needed
- C. They have an active site
- D. They are typically proteins
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for a reaction to occur, not raise it. By lowering the activation energy, enzymes facilitate reactions, making them occur more easily and rapidly. Choice A is correct as enzymes indeed catalyze reactions. Choice C is correct as enzymes have specific active sites where substrates bind. Choice D is correct as enzymes are commonly proteins, although some RNA molecules also exhibit catalytic properties.
3. Phenotype refers to the _ of an individual.
- A. Genetic makeup
- B. Actual physical appearance
- C. Recessive alleles
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Phenotype refers to the actual physical appearance and characteristics of an individual, which are determined by the interaction of both genetic makeup (genotype) and environmental factors. It includes visible traits such as height, eye color, and hair type. Choice A, genetic makeup, refers to the genotype, which is the genetic constitution of an organism. Choice C, recessive alleles, is a specific type of gene variant and does not encompass the entire concept of phenotype. Choice D, none of the above, is incorrect as phenotype does refer to the actual physical appearance of an individual.
4. Which of the following describes the situation where one allele takes a different form from another in a gene?
- A. phenotype
- B. heterozygous
- C. homolog
- D. homozygous
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Heterozygous is the term used to describe the genotype of an individual with two different alleles for a specific gene. In this case, one allele takes a different form from another, resulting in genetic diversity and variation in trait expression. The other choices are incorrect: 'phenotype' refers to the observable traits of an organism, 'homolog' typically refers to chromosomes that are similar in structure, and 'homozygous' describes the genotype where both alleles for a gene are the same.
5. Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
- A. Providing the shape and form of our bodies
- B. Supporting and protecting the body
- C. Producing blood
- D. Storing vitamins
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Producing blood is not a function of the skeletal system. Blood production primarily occurs in the bone marrow, which is found within the bones. The skeletal system provides the shape and form of our bodies, supports and protects the body, and stores minerals like calcium and phosphorus for various functions. Storing vitamins is not a primary function of the skeletal system, although some vitamins may play a role in bone health.
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