HESI A2
Biology HESI A2 Practice Test
1. DNA bases include all but which of the following?
- A. Adenine
- B. Thymine
- C. Uracil
- D. Cytosine
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Uracil. Uracil is not a DNA base; it is a base found only in RNA. The four bases in DNA are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. Choice A, Adenine, is a correct DNA base. Choice B, Thymine, is a correct DNA base. Choice D, Cytosine, is a correct DNA base. Therefore, Uracil is the only incorrect choice among the options provided.
2. Which of the following is true of homozygous traits?
- A. They are haploid
- B. They are denoted AA
- C. They are denoted aa
- D. They are denoted Aa
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Homozygous traits have two identical forms of the gene, either both dominant (AA) or both recessive (aa). Therefore, choices B and C are true for homozygous traits. Choice A is incorrect because being haploid refers to having a single set of chromosomes, not necessarily homozygous traits. Choice D is incorrect as homozygous traits have identical alleles, so they are not denoted as Aa.
3. The apical side of an epithelial cell:
- A. Is exposed to fluid or air
- B. Is on the bottom side of the cell
- C. Does not allow any substances to pass through
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The apical side of an epithelial cell is the top side, which is typically exposed to fluids, air, or the inside of an organ. This side allows substances to pass through it, facilitating the absorption, secretion, or excretion of various substances. Choice B is incorrect as the apical side is not on the bottom but the top side. Choice C is incorrect as the apical side does allow substances to pass through. Choice D is incorrect as there are characteristics associated with the apical side.
4. Why do cells need to use exocytosis?
- A. To obtain energy
- B. To defend against invaders
- C. To remove waste products
- D. To undergo division
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cells need to use exocytosis to remove waste products from the cell. Exocytosis is a process where cells release molecules or substances outside the cell by fusing vesicles with the cell membrane. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis by efficiently eliminating waste materials. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because exocytosis is specifically involved in the expulsion of molecules, not for obtaining energy, defending against invaders, or cell division.
5. A scientist needs 12 mL of a solution. They have a bottle with 12L in it. Do they have enough?
- A. Yes, they have exactly what they need
- B. Yes, they have more than what they need
- C. No, they do not have enough
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: B
Rationale: 1 liter has 1000 milliliters. To convert from milliliters to liters, the decimal point moves three places to the left. So, the bottle has 12000 mL of solution, which is a lot more than the required 12 mL. Therefore, the scientist has more than what they need. Choice A is incorrect as the bottle has more than the required amount. Choice C is incorrect as the bottle contains significantly more solution than needed. Choice D is incorrect as the scientist does have more than enough solution.
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