HESI A2
Biology HESI A2 Practice Test
1. The phases of mitosis include:
- A. Prophase, interphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
- B. Prophase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and cytokinesis
- C. Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
- D. Prophase, interphase, prophase, anaphase, and telophase
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct phases of mitosis are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Prophase is the first phase where chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the mitotic spindle forms. Prometaphase follows prophase, involving the full disintegration of the nuclear envelope and the attachment of spindle fibers to the kinetochores of the chromosomes. Metaphase is where chromosomes align along the metaphase plate. Anaphase is the phase where sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles. Telophase marks the final stage of mitosis, involving the decondensation of chromosomes and the reformation of the nuclear envelope. Choice A is incorrect because it includes interphase, which is not a phase of mitosis. Choice B is incorrect as it repeats prophase, which is the initial phase. Choice D is incorrect because it includes interphase and repeats prophase.
2. Which of the following is not true about antibiotics?
- A. They can interfere with the bacteria's ability to survive
- B. They can affect how bacteria multiply
- C. They can cause more bacteria to grow
- D. They only work on bacteria
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Antibiotics do not cause more bacteria to grow. They work by interfering with the bacteria's ability to survive, affecting how they multiply, or killing the bacteria cells. Antibiotics specifically target bacteria, so they do not promote the growth of more bacteria. Choices A, B, and D are true statements about antibiotics as they accurately describe how antibiotics work and their specific action on bacteria.
3. How does asexual reproduction differ from sexual reproduction?
- A. asexual reproduction results in all cells being identical to the original cell; sexual reproduction results in half of the cells being identical to the original cell
- B. asexual reproduction results in two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater variation
- C. sexual reproduction involves two cells that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater variation
- D. sexual reproduction involves one cell that yields all cells produced to be identical
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Sexual reproduction involves two cells (gametes) that contribute genetic material to daughter cells, resulting in significantly greater genetic variation in the offspring. This genetic variation is essential for evolution and adaptation to environmental changes. In contrast, asexual reproduction involves one cell dividing to produce offspring that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Choice A is incorrect because sexual reproduction does not result in half of the cells being identical to the original cell; it involves two cells contributing genetic material. Choice B is incorrect because asexual reproduction does not result in significantly greater variation; it produces genetically identical offspring. Choice D is incorrect because sexual reproduction involves two cells contributing genetic material, not one cell yielding all identical cells.
4. Cytosine and thymine are known as:
- A. Purines
- B. Pyrimidines
- C. Both
- D. None of the above
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Cytosine and thymine are known as pyrimidines because they have a single carbon ring structure. Purines, on the other hand, have a double-ring structure. Choice A ('Purines') is incorrect because purines have a double-ring structure, unlike cytosine and thymine. Choice C ('Both') is incorrect as it implies they are both purines and pyrimidines, which is not true. Choice D ('None of the above') is incorrect because cytosine and thymine are indeed pyrimidines.
5. Athletes are often concerned with the question of what they need in their diets to increase muscle mass and strength. What biologic molecule would you recommend that would accomplish this?
- A. carbohydrates
- B. proteins
- C. lipids
- D. nucleic acids
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Proteins are essential for building and repairing muscle tissue. They contain amino acids, which are the building blocks of muscles. Athletes looking to increase muscle mass and strength should focus on consuming adequate amounts of high-quality proteins in their diets. Carbohydrates provide energy for workouts, lipids are important for overall health but do not directly contribute to muscle building, and nucleic acids are involved in genetic activities rather than muscle growth.
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