HESI A2
Biology HESI A2 Practice Exam
1. Most enzymes are made up of what?
- A. proteins
- B. lipids
- C. starches
- D. simple sugars
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Most enzymes are made up of proteins. Proteins are large biomolecules composed of amino acids that are vital for the structure and function of enzymes. Enzymes act as catalysts in biochemical reactions, speeding up the rate of chemical reactions in living organisms. They exhibit high specificity and efficiency due to their unique protein structures. Lipids, starches, and simple sugars are not typically the primary components of enzymes, making them incorrect choices.
2. Which is not part of a nucleic acid?
- A. Sulfate
- B. Phosphate
- C. Carbon
- D. Nitrogen
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Sulfate is not part of a nucleic acid. Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are composed of nucleotide units, which consist of a phosphate group, a sugar molecule (ribose in RNA and deoxyribose in DNA), and a nitrogenous base. Carbon and nitrogen are essential elements found in nucleic acids, while sulfate is not a component of nucleic acid structure. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Sulfate.
3. Bacillus subtilis may be described as ___________.
- A. spiral
- B. globular
- C. rod-shaped
- D. grape-like clusters
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Bacillus subtilis is a rod-shaped bacterium. Its name "Bacillus" refers to its rod-like shape, which is a characteristic feature of this bacteria.
4. In nature, water vapor becomes liquid water through the process of ___________.
- A. condensation
- B. sublimation
- C. precipitation
- D. absorption
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In nature, water vapor becomes liquid water through the process of condensation. Condensation occurs when water vapor cools and changes its state from a gas to a liquid, forming droplets that we commonly see as water droplets on surfaces or clouds in the sky. Sublimation refers to the transition from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid phase. Precipitation is the process where water in the atmosphere falls to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Absorption is the process of one substance being taken in by another.
5. Which of the following are found both in open and closed circulatory systems?
- A. Arteries
- B. Red blood cells
- C. Capillaries
- D. Immune cells
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Capillaries. Capillaries are found in both open and closed circulatory systems. Capillaries are small blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissues. They are essential components of circulatory systems regardless of whether they are open or closed. Arteries (Choice A) are not found in open circulatory systems, as these systems lack distinct arteries and veins. Red blood cells (Choice B) are present in the blood but are not exclusive to either open or closed circulatory systems. Immune cells (Choice D) are not specific components of circulatory systems, as they are part of the immune system.
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